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45 Cards in this Set

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What are the three basic layers of the cerebral cortex
neocortex, mesocortex, allocortex
What is the neocortex further divided into?
ideotopic cortex, homotypic cortex
What does the idiotypic cortex contain?
primary motor and sensory cortex
What does the homotypic cortex contain?
association areas unimodal and multimodal
How many layers comprise the neocortex?
6
How many layers comprise the mesocortex?
3-6
What is the mesocortex related to?
Limbic system
What comprises the mesocortex?
cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
How many layers is the allocortex made of?
3
What comprises the allocortex?
archicortex and paracortex
What makes up the archicortex?
hippocampal formation
What makes up the paleocortex?
piriform cortex
Which layer is the recipient zone of thalamocortical axons?
layer 4
which layers are the output layers?
3,5,6
What layer is the principal output to the subcortex?
5
What are the main neuronal cell types in the cortex?
pyramidal and granule
What is the characteristic of the anterior cortex region
expressive
What is the characteristic of the posterior cerebral cortex?
receptive
Where is the island lobe found?
deep to lateral fissure
Where does the limbic lobe lie?
medial wall of fissure
What does the calcarine sulcus divide?
cuneate gyrus and lingual gyrus which are primary occiptal areas
Comment about the diversity of the cerebral cortex?
it is inhomogenous
-variations in overal thickness
-varied thickness of each layer
-cell size differences
-cell density
What seperates the anterior expressive and posterior receptive regions?
central sulcus
The following are a list of primary cortical areas, which specific sites do they occupy? Olfactory cortex?
preamygdaloid and parahippocampal gyrus
Somatosensory cortex?
postcentral gyrus
Auditory cortex?
transverse temporal gyrus
Visual cortex?
area aournd calcarine sulcus
Motor cortex?
pre-central gyrus
Is the topographical organization of the cerebral cortex species specific?
yes
What is a receptive field?
The location on the body surface that corresponds to a cortical neuron in a primary sensory cortex
What is a unimodal association area?
Relates to a single primary region
What is a multimodal association area?
integrates information relating to multiple primary and unimodal regions
Which hemisphere is dominant for speech?
left
What is possible for split-brain patient?
possible to query individual hemispheres of the brain
What is a projection fiber?
Leave the hemisphere for subcortical target
What is a commisural fiber?
interconnect the two hemisphere
What is a association fiber?
connects within a hemisphere
What are examples of projection fibers
corona radiata
internal capsule
What is an example of a commissural fiber?
corpus callosum
anterior commissure
What does the corpus callosum connect?
homologous regions of the two hemispheres
What is the corpus callosum devided into from anterior to posterior?
genu, body splenium
What do short association fibers connect?
adjacent gyri
What are examples of long association fibers?
arcuate fasiculus- connects Broca's to Wernicke's
Superior longitudinal fasiculus- connects occipital and frontal lobes
What is interesting about brain growth?
The cerebral hemisphere has enormous brain growth when compared to other brain areas
What causes normal states of consciousness and unconsciousness?
modulation of cortical activity controlled by circuits originating in brainstem and nuclei in forebrain base