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15 Cards in this Set
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MDD EPI; men vs women? what % are chronic? link to suicide? worldwide effect?
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10% of men
20% of women 2/3 of all that suffer do so chronically 80% of depression is linked to suicide- 30,000 suicides/yr major cause (soon to be #2) of disability worldwide |
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what is the final common pathway underlying depression? two substances, their origins, and their connectedness?
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dysregulation of monoamines; serotonin from the raphe nucleus and norep from the locus ceruleus
connected via limbic systems |
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Explain the psychological vulnerability to depression embodied in the learned helplessness personality styles? pervasive? permanent? examples
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negative coping styles that influences how we react to life/stressors
pervasive; "everything in my life sucks" after breaking up with gf permanent- "i'll never find someone else" |
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What are the clinical symptoms of MDD? WHat must be caused?
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MUST cause social, cognitive, or intellectual impairment
depressed mood, lack of enery, libido, lost appetite, insomnia, ahedonia, SUICIDAL ideations |
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what is dysthymia? how long?
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depressive thoughts for two years... below baseline but above threshold for Major depressive episode
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What is biolar I and bipolar II?
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bipolar I = the presence of at least one manic episode/mixed episode and one major depressive is generally present
bipolar II= presence of a hypomanic episode (never a major manic episode) and generally a major depressive episode |
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Treatment success rates of MDD? duration of 1 event? when meds aren't working, what are some extreme therapies we can employ?
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33% remit in 2/3 months
40% show no improvement average duration = 12 months Electroconvulsive therapy, vagus nerve stimulator |
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How would you define mania?
time period behaviors mood WHAT must it caused? |
one week period of elevated, expansive or irritable mood
don't sleep; tons of libido; gamble excessively; start things and never finish; totally impulsive Must cause marked SOCIAL and OCCUPATIONAL impairment |
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Bipolar disorder Epi? How common is US? common cormorbidities? Suidice connection?
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3.3 million americans and increasing
psychoses very common as are substance abuse issues 90% use stimulants- cocaine, amphetamines, cafe, etc. |
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WHat is the peak onset of bipolar disorder? Extent of disease in that pop?
As we age, how does disease change? |
15-19 y/o, hence increased risk for psychosis, drug abuse, suicidality, etc
As we age, the length of time of an episode decreases with each age and inceases in # of episodes |
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What are the neurobiological causes of mania? (3 affected)
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increased NOREP
inceased DOPA decreased GABA |
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Mind-Body interactions...How does death rate from suicide compare to homocide and breast cancer?
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suicide is much greater than homocide and comparable to breast cancer
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What are some hormonal and autonomic changes that occur in mood disorders? I.E when depressed, what survival/mortality rates are impacted?
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mortality rates post MI/those in nursing homes/normal adults are greater in depressed cohorts than non-depressed
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Depressions effect on HR variability, platelet stickiness, immunity, and bone resorption? How SSRI's may actually counteract some of these events?
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less HR variability and stickier platelets. Hence, increased risk for an MI
Decreased Immunity by driving down NK cells and cell mediated (T-cell) defenses Decreased bone resorption leading to osteoporosis SSRI's reduce platelet aggregation |
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Two large barriers to recognition of depression?
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Stigma/denial "there is just no way in hell I could be depressed" I am too smart, healthy, successful, etc....
Many people don't realize they are depressed..especially in younger pops... many think it is just their "personality" or how they are |
