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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what kind of decisions are routine and made accrding to a standard procedure?
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programmed desicions
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what is the first and morst important step in the rational desision-making process?
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define/ identify the problem
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what is the 2nd and most creative step in the decision-making process?
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generate/develop alternative solutions
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what is the name of the 3rd step in the decision making process in which pros and cons are listed?
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evaluate alternatives
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in what kind of decision making process does the decision-maker select the first alternative solution found that meets the organizations minimum acceptable goals?
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satisficing
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what is the name for an experience based way of reasoning in which evaluating alrernatives is done unconsciously and automatically?
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intuition
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what is the name of the problem in decision-making when decision-makers give too much weight into the first information that they recieve?
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anchoring
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what is it called when the decision-maker as difficulty considering any alternative that changes the current situation
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status quo trap
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what kind of situation often causes decision makers to use poor judgement and make bad decisions?
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crises/ conflicts
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what is it called when a decision maker delays action unnecessarily without a valid resaon?
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procrastination
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a major driver in finding creative solutions to problems is expressed in the adage "necessity is the...______"
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mother of invention
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what is the ideal number of participants in a brainstorming session
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5 to 8
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the goal of a brainstorming session is to develop how many alternative solutions to a problem?
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as many as possible
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what kind of physical spaces in a work area are conductive to employees creative discussions?
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ones that bring together & dont disperse people
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what was the inventor thomoas edison's definition of genius
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10% inspiration, 90% perspiration
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why is group decision making often better than individual decision making
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multiple heads are better than one
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what is the name of the negative consequence of a decision making groups desire for consensus at any cost?
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groupthink
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what is the most important thing that should be done beforehand to prepate for a group decision making session
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create agenda for discussion
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what is the appropriate role for the leader of a decision making group
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facilitate & coordinate, dont lead or dominate
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If management does not design an employee's job properly at the beginning what problem will the manager have later?
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will not be able to evaluate employee job performance
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what is the name for a listing of the key features of a job, along with the actions required to perform the job effectivly?
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job description
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what is it called when a company assigns only specific functions to be preformed by a person in a particular job?
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job specialization
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what is the main advantage of job specialization
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employees get very good in their job
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what are two disadvantages of job specialization?
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1. employee non-job satisfaction 2. limits original ablility to change inflex structure 3. things not defined dont get done
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what is the name for including more challenge and responsiblity in a job to make it more appealing to the employee?
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job enrichment
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what are 2 ways to enrich a job?
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-immediate feedback, -serve a client, -new knowledge, -choose method to do a task, -create own schedule, -control resources, -personal accountability
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what is it called when persons temporarily switch job assignments?
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job rotation
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what problem does the incorporation of ergonomic principles into workplace design help prevent?
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discomfort, repetitive motion syndrome
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What Workplace innovation now helps employees to hold jobs when they have competing demands on their time from families, disabilites, or commuting?
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flextime
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what are some employees now allowed to do to create more das off from work?
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compressed work weeks
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what is the name for working at home using computers and the internet
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telecommuting
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what are the two major disadvantages of telecommuting?
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lack of employee contact with co-wrkers, lack of visibility to the boss
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what is it called when companies provide temporary offices for employees who dont normally need a company provided place to work
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hoteling
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what is the mame of the procedure in which two employees work part time to fill the requirements of a single position
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job sharing
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what is the name of the arrangement of people and tasks to accomplish organizational goals
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organization structure
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what king of organization had a set structure in which rules are specfically defined
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bueracracy
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which characteristic of a bueracracy dictates that each lower unit is controlled by the next higher unit
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hirearchy of authority
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What principle of management specifies that each subordinate takes orders from only one superior manager?
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unity of command
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in a buraucracy the division of labor is created by doing what to each task or job
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specializing
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line managers are the key division heads and decison makers. what are the specialized managers called who support the line managers?
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staff managers
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people generally like order,predictability, and structure they can understand. therefore which kind of organizations do most people want to work in?
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bueracracy
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what kind of department is organized to preform a specific job such as accounting?
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functional departments
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What kind of department covers a specific geographic area?
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territorial dept.
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what kind of departments are arranged according to which of the company's goods that they provide
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product or sevice departmentilization
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what kind of department is organized to support the buyers in a particular market?
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customer
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which tyoe of organization is usually temporary in nature and is difficult to make work due to its violation of the principle of unity of command
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matrix organizations
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what has been the trend in recent years concerning the shape of organization pyramids
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flattening of the hirearchies
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what is the popular name for a company's letting go employees in order to cut costs and improve profitability?
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downsizing
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what is the name for the process of turning over major internal business funtions to another firm
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outsourcing
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what is the called when businesses radically redesign their work processes in order to improve productivity and perfomance
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reengineer
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in addition to a company's formal organization structure, what set of unofficial relationships often emerge that enable the firm to act with greater speed and flexibility?
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informal organization structure
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what is it called when a manager formally assigns authority to a subordinate manager
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delegation
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when delegating authority what should a manager to do ensure that the subordinate is able to fulfill these funtions?
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give them power
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in what kind of organization is authority passed down to the lowest possible level in the structure?
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micromanagement
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from where does an organization ultimately get its culture?
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CEO
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in business, its often said that "the only constant is ___?"
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change
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what is the name of a popular formal methodology for driving out costs and improving quality at a company using statistical analysis and measurements?
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six sigma
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The Principle goal of human resource management is to minimize what?
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Turnover
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What kind of company policies and programs enable the firm to comply with anti-discrimination laws and to correct past discriminitory practices?
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equal opportunity programs, affirmitave- action
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what are 2 of the most important anti-discrimintation laws passed in the US in modern times
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Emancipation Proclamation, Civil rights act of 1964
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Who does the ADA protect
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disabled and able to to a job
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What is the name of the process of attracting qualified job canidates
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recruitment, internal and external
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what is usually a firms best source for recruiting new employees
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other employees
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what is a commonly used techinique for getting detailed information about job applicants without violating anti-discrimination laws?
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going through executive recruiter
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what kind of applicant tests measure individuals knowledge and skills?
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achievement test
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what king of test measures a job applicants mental ability
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aptetude
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what kind of tests measure a persons traits and characterisitics related to job preformance?
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personality
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What is the most important thing to do when interviewing job applicants?
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get the interviewee to talk
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what minimum 2 things should you try to find out when checking an applicatns previous job references?
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ask about job perfomance, ability to get along with co-workers
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What is the trend among companies today in employee drug testing?
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doing it less and less
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what is the main purpose of new employee orientation programs?
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the culture
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what is the purpose of employee training?
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skills
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what is the purpose of employee development programs?
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higher level of complex knowledge,unstructured
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what is the name of a formal system for measuring and reviewing employees
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performance evaluation system
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traditionally an employee was evaluated only by his boss. who also now must review an employees performance at some companies
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co-workers, clients, yourself
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what is the main purpose for doing employee performance reviews?
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rasies, promotion, demotion, bonuses
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what percentage of the cost of running an enterprise usually go to employee compensation/
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66% (2/3)
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What percentage of salaries do most companies spend for non-cash employee benefits such as health care, etc?
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35%
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