Map of the Modern World

Argentina, Australia, Britain, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway

Canada and Denmark dispute this island near Greenland. Canada claims all NW passages as territorial waters.

Continental shelf dispute, Norway claims fishing areas around Svalbard Islands.

Part of the Comoros Islands. It is the only Catholic island; recently voted to become the 5th overseas department of France.

Atoll in the Indian Ocean with a large runway that the US and Indian navies use for drills.

Conflict over the Bakasi Peninsula; the ICJ ruled in favor of Cameroon.

Disputes over continental shelf and mineral deposits.

English will never relinquish this piece of Spain.

Spanish city on the tip of Morocco. Illegal immigration is an issue here.

Claims itself as independent from Morocco; not widely recognized.

Between Egypt and Sudan. No active dispute.

Ethnic violence between Huutus and Tutsis in Burundi in the 1980s pushes Tutsi refugees into Rwanda. Tensions rose in Rwanda, where 800,000 Tutsis were killed in 1994. The Huutu militants fled to the DRC, causing more unrest and civil war there.

Darfur region: oil potential causes conflict in this region. Chadian rebels near the border also cause problems.

Ethnicities overlap across regions and cause conflict.

1979 peace agreement between Israel and Egypt

1993 agreement between Israel and the PLO that promised Palestine its own state one day.

Agreement between Israel and Lebanon that was successful until 2000

1967: Israel struck its Arab neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, and Syria) pre-emptively. Israel gained Sinai, West Bank, Gaza.

1973: Egypt & Syria attacked Israel. No changes in territory.

1980-1988: Saddam Hussein attempted to gain more land. The US backed Iran.

Israel has invaded Lebanon 3 times, most recently in 2006

A disputed area between Israel and Lebanon on the border of the Golan Heights and Lebanon

Many dispute Israel's right to ownership

Dispute over islands in the strait of Hormuz

Dispute over the Hawar Islands

Dispute over access to the Gulf. In the Algiers Accord, Iraq gave up the territory to Iran.

Ossetia is split between Russia (north) and Georgia (south). Many ethnic Russians live in South Ossetia.

Separatist movement from Russia; terrorist acts by Chechens have spurred Russian intervention. Oil in the area exacerbates it.

Croatia first, then Serbia. Bosnia in 1992 from Yugoslavia. Kosovo last.

Disputed by Romania and Ukraine. ICJ split Serpent Island in 2009. **Mouth of the Danube at issue**

Azerbaijan holds Naxcivan in Armenia and Armenia holds Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan

Separatist movement in Moldova

An area in Uzbekistan walled off by mountains with an extremely dense population. Some ethnic differences.

25 million Kurds split across 4 countries

Some ethnic problems. The Islamic Movement of Uzbek. causes some instability.

There are crucial gas pipelines from Uzbekistan in this area. The Caspian is the most successful example of the UN Law of the Sea

British buffer states for India

Established to separate Pashto people in Afghanistan and Pakistan (then India)

States that the Indus and all tributaries must flow unblocked to the ocean

4 million have been displaced since the US invasion of Afghanistan. Pashtos have moved into western Pakistan.

A Sri Lankan terrorist group fighting for an independent Tamil homeland.

1962: Dispute over the Himalayan border between India and China.

4 wars over Kashmir between Pakistan and India, including the Kargil Conflict

Political instability and human rights abuses

Russia took posession of the islands after the Russo-Japanese War but they are still in dispute.

Aka Dokdo. Disputed between Japan and South Korea in the Sea of Japan.

Ethnic conflicts

Claimed by China but disputed by claims from Brunei, Vietnam, Malaysia, others

Disputed between Malaysia and Brunei; Brunei claims an EEZ around the reef.

Indonesia & Malaysia dispute this oil-rich sea area

Taiwan occupes Quemoy, 3 miles from the Chinese mainland, which heightens tensions

Cambodia & Thailand disputed ownership of the temple; it was awarded to Cambodia

Singapore and Malaysia dispute ownership of the islands in the Singapore strait. ICJ ruled the Malaysia has no title to the Pedra Branca.

Separatist movement for independence from China.

1906: Joint agreement between England and France for cooperative government in the Pacific

Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau (in process)

Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, Northern Marianas

Disputed area between Russia and the US in the Bering Strait

1. an ocean separates the colony from the sovereign
2. there is a racial, ethnic, or cultural difference
3. the people must have made an effort for self governent and elected the sovereign

Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guyana, Reunion Island, Mayotte (future)

1. territorial waters: 12 nautical miles
2. EEZ: 200 n.m., 350 with extension of continental shelf.
3. Rights of passage through straits and territorial waters
4. right of innocent passage
5. freedom of scientific research

States must bring the contention to the ICJ.
They pay for the costs of litigation.
Both states must agree to abide by the ICJ decision.

1. negotiate or take a secure land corridor
2. use an international river
3. negotiate transit rights with a coastal state

Used to categorize states after WWI based on their readiness for independence

Iraq, Palestine, Syria

Rwanda & Burundi, Tanganyika, Cameroon, Togoland

New Guinea, Nauru, Western Samoa, Southwest Africa

Delimited borders are described; demarcated borders are surveyed and marked.

States that the border between 2 states in water lies along the thalweg, the line of fastest flow of a river.