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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Everything that occupies space and has mass?
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matter
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States of matter?
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solid liquid gas
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Termed the capacity to do work?
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Energy
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Types of energy?
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Kinetic and potential
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Termed for energy in action?
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Kinetic
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Termed for stored energy?
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Potential
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Example of kinetic energy?
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door swinging
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Example of potential energy?
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batteries
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The form stored energy in the bonds of chemical substances? ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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Chemical energy
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How does ATP release its energy?
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The bonds are broken and the stored energy is released as needed to do cellular work.
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Reflects movement of charged particles (electrons and ions)?
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Electrical energy
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Energy that moves matter?
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Mechanical energy
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Energy that travels in waves?
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Radiant energy
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Fundemental substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?
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Elements
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Type of properties detcted by sight or measurement?
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Physical properties
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Type of properties of bonding behaviors of atoms?
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Chemical properties
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Elements are composed of?
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atoms
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Each has a nucleus containing protons, neutrons, and surrounded by electrons?
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Atom
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The difference in the element is due to the number of?
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protons, neutrons, electrons
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Symbol for proton?
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p+
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Symbol for neutron?
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n0
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Symbol for electron?
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e-
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A positively charged particle?
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proton
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A negatively charged particle?
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electron
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Neither a negative nor a positive charged particle?
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neutron
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How many elements are known with certainty?
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112
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Of the 112 elements, how many occur in nature?
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92
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What elements make up 96% of the body weight?
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CHON
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen |
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Each element is designated by a one or two letter chemical shorthand called?
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anatomic symbol
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The nucleus carries what charge naturally?
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Positive
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Sincel all of the heavy subatomic particles are concentrated in the nucleus, this makes the nucleus what?
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Dense
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Accounts for 99.9% of the mass of an atom?
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Nucleus
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An electron has what amount of mass compared to a proton?
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1/2000
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The mass of a proton and an electron is stated as____ and _____ AMU?
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protons + neutrons=1AMU
electrons=0AMU |
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In the atom, the number of protons always equals the number of?
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electron
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All protons, neutrons, electrons are alike regardless of the ?
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atom
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What determines the unique properties of each element?
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the different number of protons, electrons and neutrons
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Equal to the number of protons in its nucleus and is written as subscript to the left of its atomic symbol?
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Atomic number
EX: 2He |
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The sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons?
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Mass number
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Different atomic forms of the same element, varying only in the number of neutrons?
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Isotopes
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Unstable heavier isotopes in atomic decay, isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior?
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radioisotopes
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Two or more ATOMS bound together by chemical bond?
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molecule
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If two atoms of the SAME element combine it is called?
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molecule of that element
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If two different elements combine chemically, it is called?
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compound
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A way to express the concentration of a solution; moles per liter of solution?
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molarity
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A substance composed of two or more components physically intermixed?
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mixture
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Three types of mixtures?
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solution, colloids, suspension
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Homogeneous mixture, may be gases, liquids, or solids?
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Solution
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The substance present in the greatest amount is known as the?
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solvent
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The substance present in smaller amount is known as the?
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solute
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Also known as the dissolver?
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solvent
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Also known as what is being dissolved?
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solute
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Avagaro's number?
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6.02X10 to the 23 power
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1 mole of any substance contains exactly the same number of ?
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solute particles
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Heterogeneous mixture known as an emulsion?
ex: cytosol in cell membrane |
colloids
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Heterogeneous mixture that settles withouth constant mixing? ex: oil & water, blood
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Suspension
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Mixture differ from compounds because?
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No chemical bonding in mixtures, mixtures can be separated by physcial means
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All compounds are what type of mixture: homogeneous or heterogeneous?
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Homogeneous
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An energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms?
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Chemical bonds
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Electrons forming the electron cloud around the nucleus of an atom occupy regions of space called?
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electron shells
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Each electron shell holds a specific number of?
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electrons
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An atom is stable when its valence is filled to capacity or contains_____ electrons?
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8
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Outermost energy level is called?
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valence
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Define the rules of 8's key to chemical reactivity?
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Minus the first energy shell, each shell from 2 to 7... must contain 8 electrons to be stable.
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The octet rule is also known as?
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Rule of eights
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Chemically inert atoms have?
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eight electrons in the valence shell
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A group of elements that are chemically inert are called?
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noble gases
helium and neon |
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Electrons farthest from the nucleus have the greatest mount of______?
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potential energy
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When an atom loses or gains an electron it is a charged particle known as?
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ions
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A chemical bond between atoms form by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other is termed?
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Ionic bond
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The atom that gains one or more electrons is known as?
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The electron acceptor
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The electron acceptor acquires a negative charge, thus it is called a?
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anion (an-ion)
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Negatively charged ion is called?
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anion
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The atom that loses electrons is called?
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The electron donor
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The electron donor acquires a positive charge thus is called?
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cation (cat-ion)
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A positively charged ion is known as? Thin t for +
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cation
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Example of a anion?
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Cl-
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Example of a cation?
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Na+
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The sharing of electrons that orbits each atoms valence in order to be stable?
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Covalant bond
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Type of bond when the electrons are equally shared?
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Nonpolar covalent
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When two atoms share one pair of electrons? Total of 2
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single covalent bond
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When two atoms share two pairs of electrons? total of 4
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double covalent bonds
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When atoms share three pairs of electrons? total of 6
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triple covalent bond
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The number of covalent bonds is indicated by what?
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the line between the sharing atoms
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Electrically balanced molcules have what type of bond?
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nonpolar covalent bond
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Unequal electron pair sharing is?
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polar covalent bonds
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The concentration of _______ determines the acidity of a solution?
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protons
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All organic compounds have what type of bond?
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covelent bond
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Properties of water?
H3CRUP |
High heat capacity
high heat vaporization polar solvent properties universal solvent hydration layers reactivity(hydrolysis-dehydration synthesis) Cushioning |
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The property of water that absorbs and releases large amount of heat before changing appreciably in temperature itself?
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High heat capacity
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This property of water, large amounts of heat are absorbed to break the hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together?
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High heat of vaporization
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When ions seperate from each other and become evenly scattered in water forming true solutions?
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dissociate
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An important reactant in many chemical ractions?
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Water
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