Maternal Child Nursing Care chapter 19

Cervical changes and uterine contractions occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of pregnancy

Any birth that occurs before the completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy

weight at the time of birth of 2500g or less

Glycoproteins found in plasma and produced druing fetal life; their reappearance in the cervical canal between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation could predict preterm labor.

form of estrogen produced by the fetus that is present in plasma at 9 weeks of gestation; levels have been shown to increase before preterm birth

Rupture of the amniotic sac and leakage of amniotic fluid beginning at least 1 hour before the onset of labor at any gestational age

Rupture of the amniotic sac and leakage of fluid before 37 weeks of gestation with infection often preceding this rupture but the etiology remains unknown .

It (PPROM) can lead to the complications of ___________ and __________, both of which can lead to cord compression

An intraamniotic infection of the chioion and amnion that is potentially life threatening for the fetus and the woman

long, difficult, of abnormal labor caused by various conditions associated with the 5 factors affecting labor

abnormal uterine contractions that prevent the normal progress of cervical dilation and effacement (primary powers), or descent (secondary powers)

Abnormal uterine activity often experienced by an anxious first-time mother who is having painful and frequent contractions that are ineffective in causing cervical dilation and effacement to progress

Abnormal uterine activity that usually occurs when a woman initially makes normal progress into the active phase of labor, then uterine contractions become weak and inefficient or stop altogether.

Abnormal labor caused by contratures of the pelvic diameters that reduce the capacity of the bony pelvis, including the inlet, mid-pelvis, outlet, or any combination of these planes

Abnormal labor caused by obstruction of the birth passage by an anatomic abnormality other than that involving the bony pelvis; the obstruction may result from placenta previa, leiomyomas (uterine fibroid tumors), ovarian tumors, or a full bladder or rectum

Abnormal labor caused by fetal anomalies, excessive fetal size, malpresentation, malposition, or multifetal pregnancy

Abnormal labor caused by excessive fetal size

the most common fetal malposition

the most common form of malpresentation

gestation of twin, triplets, quadruplets, or more infants.

Labor pattern defined as a latent phase that exceeds 20 hours in nulliparas and exceeds 14 hours in multiparas

Labor pattern defined as an active phase during which cervical dilation occurs at a rate of less than 1.2 cm/hr in nulliparas and less than 1.5 cm/hr in multiparas

Labor pattern defined as no progress in dilation for 2 hours or more in both nulliparas and multiparas

Labor pattern during which fetal progress through the birth canal occurs at a rate of less than 1 cm/hr in nulliparas and less than 2cm/hr in multiparas

Labor pattern defined as no change in fetal progress through the birth canal during the deceleration phase and second stage of labor

Labor pattern that last less than 3 hours from te onset of contractions to the time of irth from the onset of contractions to the time of birth, often resulting from hypertonic uterine contractions that are tetanic in intensity

Attempt to turn the fetus from a breech or shoulder presentation to a vertex presentation for birth by exerting gentle, constant pressure on the abdomen

Observance of a woman and her fetus for a reasonable period of spontaneous active labor to assess the safety of a vaginal birth for both

chemical or mechanical initiation of uterine contractions before their spontaneous onset for the purpose of bringing about the birth

Rating system used to evaluate the inducibility of the cervix. The 5 characteristics assessed are:

artificial rupture of the membranes often used to induce labor when the cervix is ripe or to augment labor if the progress begins to slow

stimulation of uterine contractions after labor has started spontaneously but progresses us unsatisfactory

Common methods of augmentation of labor include _________ infusion, ___________, and ______________ stimulation.

12 or more uterine contractions in 20 minutes without alteration in the fetal heart rate or pattern.

12 or more uterine contractions in 20 minutes with nonreassuring changes in the fetal heart rate and pattern

birth method in which an instrument with two curved blades is used to assist the birth of the fetal head

birth method involving the attachment of a vacuum cup to the fetal head, using negative pressure.

birth of the fetus through a transabdominal incision of the uterus

pregnancy that extends beyond the end of week 42 of gestation

Uncommon obstetric emergency in which the head of the fetus is born but the anterior shoulder can not pass under the pubic arch

two major causes of shoulder dystoci are ________ or maternal __________.

Obstetric emergency in which the umbilical cord lies below the presenting part of the fetus; it may be occult (hidden) or more commonly frank (visible)

Obstetric emergency in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair, and other debris enter the maternal circulation triggering a rapid, complex series of pathophysiologic events that lead to life threatening maternal symptoms including acute _________ followed by severe __________.

Beta2-adrengeric receptor agonist, often administered intravenously, that is the only drug approved by the FDA for the purpose of suppressing uterine contractions

An antenatal glucocorticoid used to accelerate fetal lung maturity when there is risk for preterm birth

Beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist often administered subcutaneously using a syringe or pump; it inhibits uterine activity and causes bronchodilation.

a calcium channel blocker that relaxes smooth muscles including those of the contracting uterus; maternal hypotension is a major concern

Classification of drugs used to suppress uterine activity

a central nervous system (CNS) depressant used during preterm labor for its ability to relax smooth muscles including the uterus; it is administered intravenously

A prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor that relaxes uterine smooth muscle; it is administered orally or rectally.

Tcolytic medication administered subcutaneously to suppress uterine tachysystole.

classification of medications that can be used to ripen the cervix, stimulate uterine contractions, or both

cervical ripening agent in the form of a vaginal insert that is placed in the posterior fornix of the vagina

cervical ripening agent in the form of a gel that is inserted into the cervical canal just below the internal os or into the posterior fornix

Pituitary hormone used to stimulate uterine contractions in the augmentation or induction of labor

Natural cervical dilator made from seaweed

Synthetic dilator containing magnesium sulfate

Cervical ripening agent, used in the form of a tablet, that is most commonly inserted intravaginally into the posterior fornix