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41 Cards in this Set

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-during the first ___ hours after birth the neonate attempts to achieve thermal balance in adjusting to extra- uterine envt temp
12
-the newborn must adjust to envt temperatures at least -___ c lower than inside the uterus
6
-having (more or less) adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat, the newborns thermal insulation is (more or less) than that of an adult
less

less
-newborns have a (smaller or larger) surface to body weight (mass) ratio than do children and adults
larger
-in attempt to conserve heat, term newborns assume a position of
flexion that helps guard against heat loss because it diminishes the amount of body surface exposed to the envt and infants reduce internal heat through the body surface by constricting peripheral blood vessels
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

flow of heat from the body surface to cooler air
convection
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

being in a room of 65 degrees
convection
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler solid surface not in direct contact but in relative proximity
radiation
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

sitting near a cold window, not touching/standing near it
radiation
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

the loss of heat that occurs when a liquid is converted to a vapor
evaporation
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

vaporization from skin moisture
evaporation
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

sweating
evaporation
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction


insensible water loss
evaporation
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

loss of heat from the body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact
conduction
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

newborn put in a warmed crib to minimize heat loss
conduction
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction

when you sit on exam table and touch something cold
conduction
-at birth the _____ is filled with meconium
-meconium is formed during fetal life from:
lower intestine

the amniotic fluid and its constituents, intestinal secretions (including bilirubin) and cells (shred from mucosa)
-meconium is

-what does it contain
greenish black and viscous

contains occult blood
-the first meconium passed is sterile but within hours, all meconium passed contains bacteria

T or F
true
-the majority of normal term infants pass meconium within the first ___ hours of life and almost all do by ___ hr


-if no bm has been passed by _____ the infant may have an obstructive bowel problem
-the majority of normal term infants pass meconium within the first 12 hours of life and almost all do by 24 hr


-if no bm has been passed by 72 hours the infant may have an obstructive bowel problem
-breast milk or formula fed

more frequent stools
-breast milk
-breast milk or formula fed

-small yellow curds
breast milk stools contain
-breast milk or formula fed

pasty in appearance with larger green brown curds
formula stools are
-breastfed infants should have ___ stools per 24 hours after day 3-4 of life when the mothers milk has increased in amount and has changed to mature milk
3

-formula fed infants may stool less often b/c formula tends to be more constipating than breast milk
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

swelling, squishing edema
Caput succedaneum-
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

The head molded (cone head) and by doing that there is swelling. A lot of times it is on the occiput against the cervix results in compression of local vessels thereby slowing venous return (the slower venous return causes an increase in tissue fluids within the skin of the scalp and swelling develops)
Caput succedaneum-
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

generalized, easily identifiable edematous area of the scalp. Crosses suture line.
-Caput succedaneum
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

Disappears spontaneously within 3 to 4 days
-Caput succedaneum
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

a blood vessel is broken, a bruise forms, and does not cross sutures
Cephalhematoma-
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

collection of blood between skull bone and periosteum; does not cross cranial suture line.
Cephalhematoma
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

disappears gradually in 2 to 3 weeks.
Cephalhematoma
Caput succedaneum vs. Cephalhematoma

absent at birth, increases over first 3 days of life
Cephalhematoma
-bluish-black areas of pigmentation that may appear over any part of the exterior surface of the body, including the extremities
Mongolian Spots
Mongolian Spots

-they are more commonly noted where (2)?

-come in what ethnic origin?
back and buttocks

-most often noted in babies whose ethnics origins are in the miditerranean area, latin America, asia, or Africa
Mongolian Spots

-more common in dark or light skinned people?
-do they fade? when?
-clinical significance?
-most common in dark skinned people

-fade over months-years


-have no clinical significance
Mongolian Spots

-important to document so parents don’t get accused of beating the baby, don’t want a misunderstanding in the future
yes!
-known as stork bites or angel kisses
Nevi
Nevi

-what color do they look like?
-pink and easily blanched
Nevi
-location?
-may appear on the upper eye lids, nose, upper lip, lower occipital area, nape of neck
Nevi
-clinical significance?

when do they fade?
none

second year of life
Erythema toxicum--aka erythema neonatorum, or newborn rash, aka flea bitedermatitis

-what does it look like
-clinical significance?

-how to treat
(red blotches with a white center)

-the rash has no clinical significance

requires no treatment