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59 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Occurs in the absence of an underlying cause, affecting tall thin men between ages of 20 to 40.
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Primary Pneumothorax
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This condition is thought to occur from rupture of subpleural apical blebs in response to high neg pressures
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Primary Pneumothorax
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This may require a chest tube insertion or thoracentesis
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Large Primary Pneumothorax
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A check valve mechanism allowing air to enter the pleural space on inspiration and prevents egress of air on expiration is used for what condition?
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Tension Pneumothorax
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An alternate method to relieve a tension pneumothorax is to insert a needle into what space of the body?
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4&5th IC at ant. axillary line (Lange's Emergency)
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In a presence of a hemothorax with neg trauma, grossly bloody pleural fluid most likely suggest what?
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Lung cancer or pulmonary embolism
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What may occur from penetrating or blunt trauma of either the chest or the abdomen?
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Diaphragmatic Rupture
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Which ribs are rarely injured except by severe trauma? Which associated injuries are common and what should be considered?
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1&2 ribs
Neurovascular injuries Aortic Arch Arteriography |
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When neg intrathoracic pressure is developed during inspiration, the unstable (flail) segment moves (where)and markedly reduces (what)?
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Inward and tidal volume
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Describe paradoxical movement of the flail segment?
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Inward movement w/ inspiration due to instability of all or a portion of the chest
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Tachypnea, tachycardia, crackles and accentuation of the pulmonary component of the second heart sound are signs of what?
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Pulmonary Embolism
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This is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, bilat infiltrates, and hypoxemia
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Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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What common medical emergency is precipitated by a variety of acute processes that directly/indirectly injure the lung?
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Adult Resp. Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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This is an acute inflammation of the tracheo-bronchial tree, generally self-limited and with eventual complete healing and return of function?
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Bronchitis
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What is the preferred drug during anaerobic infection for Aspiration Pneumonia?
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Aqueous Penicillin G or Clindamycin
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What is an acute infection of the lung parenchyma?
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Pneumonia
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What causes pneumoccocal pneumonia?
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S. pneumoniae (most common cause of bacterial pneumonia)
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In lobar pneumonia tactile fremitus is what?
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Increased
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What is the preferred agent for Pneumococcal Pneumonia?
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Pen G or V
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What should not be used for seriously ill pt's in Pneumococcal Pneumonia?
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Tetraclycines
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What symptoms does a PT usually present when a lung abscess is present?
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Fever, Weight Loss, and malaise
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A PT w/ a lung abscess with a foul-smelling (putrid) purulent sputum is diagnostic for what type of lung abscess?
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Anaerobic bacterial infection
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What is the preferred drug for a tx of a lung abscess?
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Clindamycin IV until improvement and then PO
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What is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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A PT that presents with chest px, by local pressure or deep breathing w/ tenderness localized over affected side and skin may be warm swollen and red may have what dx's?
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Costochondritis
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What is inflammation of the pleura, usually producing an exudative pleural effusion and stabbing chest px worsened by respiration & cough?
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Pleuritis
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Hyperphnea, Paresthesias, Carpopedal spasm, Tetany, and Anxiety are characteristics of what condition?
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Acute hyperventilation
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What are non-specific symptoms of chronic hyperventilation?
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Fatigue, Dyspnea, Anxiety, Palpitations, and Dizziness
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What is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the lung in about 90% of PT's?
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Sarcoidosis
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Chronic bronchitis is characterized by excessive secretion of bronchial mucus and is manifested by what?
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A productive cough for 3 months or 2 consec. yrs w/ no other disease that might acct. for this symptom
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Abnormal, permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, w/ destruction of their walls and w/o obvious fibrosis is what?
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Emphysema
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Most pt's of COPD have features of what?
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Emphysema(Type A COPD) and chronic bronchitis (Type B COPD)
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What is Type A COPD?
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Emphysema
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What is Type B COPD?
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Chronic bronchitis
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What are signs of early stages of COPD?
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A mild smoker's cough, Wheezing, and gradually progressive exertional dyspnea
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What is the most common presenting complaint in the early stages of COPD?
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Gradually progressive exertional dyspnea
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A trial of what drugs is warranted in all pt's with symptomatic COPD?
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Bronchodilator
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This type of chemical may result from combustion of wood and petroleum products, can cause pulmonary edema/bronchospam and short exposure can be fatal.
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Acrolein
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This type of chemical may result from the combustion of structural components found in high rise buildings, as well as in furnishings and plastics.
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Hydrochloric acid
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What are the signs of an impending airway obstruction?
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Labored/rapid breathing, stridor, severe wheezing, and progressive decrease in air exchange
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What may develop hrs after exposure to a chemical smoke inhalation injury?
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Pulmonary edema
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What are characteristics of carbon monoxide poisoning?
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HA, Tachycardia, Irritability, Cutaneous flushing, Mental confusion, vomiting, incontinence, cyanosis or pallor
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This is characterized by an increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli.
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Asthma
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What type of asthma is caused by the release of histamine, serum eosinophilia, and produces an anaphylaxis-like reaction? Includes episodic or paroxymal symptoms.
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Allergic or Extrinsic Asthma
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In exercise induced asthma, attacks usually occur how long after?
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5-10 minutes after exercise
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Resp. distress at rest, hyperpnea, use of accessory muslces, marked wheezes, air exchange is normal or decreased are characteristics of what classification of asthma?
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Moderate Asthma (Stage II)
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What is the alternate tx of mild to moderate asthma?
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Epinephrine
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If there are no response after 3 aerosol tx's, and/or epinephrine injections, what is indicated for the tx of mild to moderate asthma?
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IV aminophylline
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What is the most common and prominent sign of hypoxia?
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Headache
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What medication can be used for prevention and treatment of mountain sickness (hypoxia)?
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Acetazolamide (or dexamethasone)
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This presents with a characteristic clinical picture of severe dyspnea, production of pink, frothy sputum, diaphoresis, and cyanosis.
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Pulmonary Edema
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What drug is highly effective by increasing venous capacitance, lowering L atrial pressure, and relieving anxiety. Used in the tx of pulmonary edema.
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Morphine
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What is the most common type of carcinoma that frequently arises in the larger bronchi and commonly spreading by direct extension and lymph node metastasis?
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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SCC accounts for what % of primary lung tumors?
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30-35%
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Undifferentiated Small Cell Carcinoma accounts for % of primary lung tumors?
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20-25%
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These primary lung tumors occur centrally and tend to narrow the bronchi by extrinsic compression.
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Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma
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What late symptoms may be seen in a patient with lung cancer?
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Weight loss and weakness
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What is the most common systemic complaint in a patient with lung cancer?
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Weight Loss
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What is the tx of choice for small cell carcinoma and results in considerable improvement in median survival?
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Combination chemotherapy
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