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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves
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heart murmur
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to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel
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infarct
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decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel
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ischemia
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lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc.
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perfusion deficit
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plugging, an obstruction or closing off
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occlusion
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subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats
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palpitation
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condition of narrowing of a part
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stenosis
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a stationary blood clot
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thrombus
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to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection
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vegetation
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signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, early diagnosis and rapid treatment are critical
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acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
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any of several kinds of irregulatory or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
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arrhythmia/dysrhythmia
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slow heart rate
how slow? |
bradycardia (less than 60 beats/min)
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chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular
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fibrillation
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a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)
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premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
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fast heart rate (more than 100 bpm)
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tachycardia
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a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves
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bacterial endocarditis
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compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart
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cardiac tamponade
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disease of the heart muscle
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cardiomyopathy
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malformations of the heart present at birth
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congenital anomaly of the heart
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an opening in the septum separating the atria
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atrial septum defect (ASD)
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narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited blood flow to the lower part of the body
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coarctaton of the aorta
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an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta by failure of the fetal ductus arterioles to close after birth (patent = open)
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patent ductus ateriosus
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opening in the septum separating the ventricles
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ventricular septal defect (VSD)
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failure of the left ventricle to pump adequate amounts of blood to the body, resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins
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congestive heart failure (CHF)/ left ventricular failure
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enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs
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cor pulmonale/right ventricular failure
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condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and the nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis
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coronary artery disease (CAD)
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persistently high blood pressure
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hypertension
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high blood pressure attributed to no single cause
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essential hypertension
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hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors
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primary hypertension
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high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease
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secondary hypertension
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protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and back flow of blood
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mitral valve prolapse
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heart attack
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myocardial infarction
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inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection
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myocarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium
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pericarditis
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damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (streptococcal infection)
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rheumatic heart disease
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abrupt cessation of any cardiac output, most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately
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sudden cardiac arrest
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formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins
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deep vein thrombosis
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inflammation of the vein
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phlebitis
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inflammation of a vein associated with clot formation
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thrombophlebitis
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abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs
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varicose veins
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