Medical Terminology: Chapters 1-3: Quiz 1 Flash Cards

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Title: Medical Terminology: Chapters 1-3: Quiz 1
Description: Medical Terminology: Chapters 1-3: Quiz 1 mcphs
Number of Cards: 116
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Author: rebecca.knoblaugh
Created: 2010-03-04
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • Define medical terminology.
    • A special vocabulary used by healthcare professionals for effective and accurate communication.

      Based on Greek and Latin.

      Uniform throughout the world.
      (this makes med. term. unique)
    • What is the 'root' of a word?
    • Fundamental unit of each medical word. It establishes the basic meaning of the word and is the part to which modifying prefixes and suffixes are added.
    • What is the 'suffix' of a word?
    • Short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaning.
    • What is the 'prefix' of a word?
    • Short word part added before a root to modify its meaning.
    • Not all roots are ?.
    • Not all roots are complete roots.
    • The Greek word for "heart".
    • The Greek word kardia meaning heart gives us the root 'cardi'.
    • The Latin word for lung.
    • The Latin word pulmo meaning lung gives us the root 'pulm'.
    • Greek word for kidney.
    • Greek 'nephr' pertains to kidney.
    • Latin word for kidney.
    • Latin 'ren' pertains to kidney.
    • What are essential for administrative purposes?
    • Accurate medical records are essential for administrative purposes.
    • The same root may have different meanings in what? Give an example.
    • The same root may have different meanings in different fields.

      The same root 'myel' means 'marrow' and may apply to bone marrow or the spinal cord.
    • Compound words contain more than one what?
    • Compound words contains more than one root.
    • When a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a root what is done to it to aid in pronunciation?
    • A vowel (usually an 'o') is inserted b/w the root and the suffix to aid in pronunciation. This is called a combining form. A combining vowel is not usually used if the ending begins with a vowel.
    • What happens when you add a suffix to a word ending in 'x' that has a 'y' or consonant before the 'x'? Give an example.
    • If there is a consonant or a y before the x ('nx', 'yx', etc.) the 'x' is changed to a 'g'.

      ex. Pharynx--> Pharyngeal
    • What happens when you add a suffix to a word ending in 'x' that has a vowel before the 'x'? Give an example.
    • If a vowel comes before the 'x' such as 'ix' you change the 'x'to a 'c'.

      ex) thorax--> thoracotomy
    • What happens when you add a suffix beginning with rh to a root? Give an example.
    • The 'r' is doubled.

      ex) hem/o (blood) + rhage (bursting forth) = hemorrhage
    • Phonetically a vowel gets a short pronunciation is it has no what?
    • If it has no pronunciation mark.
    • Phonetically a vowel gets a long pronunciation when?
    • It it has a short line over the vowel.
    • What is an acronym? Give an example.
    • An abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word of a phrase.

      Ex. ASAP
    • A suffix is a word ending that modifies a root. What may it indicate?
    • It may indicate that the word is a noun or an adjective, and often determines how the definition of that word will begin.

      ex. myel/o = bone marrow; -oid = myeloid = like or pertaining to bone marrow

      ex. the ending -oma produces myeloma which is a tumor in the bone marrow.

      ex. -genous = myelogenous = originating in bone marrow
    • List some suffixes that mean "a condition of".
    • 1. -ia

      2. -ism

      3. -sis

      4. -y

      5. -osis

      6. -iasis
    • What is dementia?
    • A loss of intellectual function.
    • What is egotism?
    • Exaggerated self-importance.
    • What is thrombosis?
    • Having a blood clot (thrombus) in a vessel.
    • What is atony?
    • Lack of muscle tone.
    • What do the suffixes '-osis' and 'iasis' denote?
    • The denote an abnormal condition.

      ex. stenosis is a narrowing of a canal

      ex. diuresis (increased urination)
    • What are adjective suffixes?
    • denote "pertaining to" or "like"
    • List 10 adjective suffixes.
    • 1. -ac

      2. -al

      3. -ar

      4. -ary

      5. -form

      6. -ic

      7. -ical

      8. -ile

      9. -oid

      10. -ory

      11. -ous
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ac?
    • Cardiac - pertaining to the heart.
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -al?
    • Vocal - pertaining to the voice
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ar?
    • nuclear - pertaining to a nucleus
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ary?
    • Salivary = pertaining to the saliva.
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -form?
    • Epileptiform = resemling epilepsy
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ic?
    • Neurotic = pertaining to neurosis (a mental disorder)
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ical?
    • Anatomical = pertaining to the anatomy
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ile?
    • Virile = pertaining to male, masculine
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -oid?
    • Lymphoid = pertaining to the lymphatic system
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ory?
    • Respiratory = pertaining to respiration
    • Give an example using the adjective suffix -ous?
    • Venous = pertaining to a vein
    • What is the plural form for a word ending in 'a'? Give an example.
    • 'ae'

      ex. Vertabrae
    • What is used to pluralize a word ending in -on?
    • 'a'

      ex. phenomenon = phenomena
    • What is used to pluralize a word ending in -is?
    • 'es'

      ex. prognosis = prognoses
    • What is used to pluralize a word ending in -nx?
    • 'nges'

      ex. phalanx = phalanges
    • What term refers to the neck?
    • Cervical vertebrae
    • What term refers to the upper back?
    • Thoracic vertebrae
    • What terms refer to the lower back?
    • Lumbar vertebrae
    • What term refers to the pelvis?
    • Sacrum
    • What term means 'tip'?
    • Coccyx
    • What is a lumen?
    • The central opening of an organ or vessel.
    • The plural of lumen is what?
    • Lumine
    • List the bones of the hand?
    • 1. Distal phalanx (tip)

      2. Middle phalanx

      3. Proximal phalanx

      (phalanges)
    • What is diplopia?
    • The condition of having double vision.
    • Term for 'first'?
    • Prim/i
    • Term for 'one'?
    • Mon/o (monoclonal-describing a colony (clone) derived from one cell)

      Uni (unify, make into one)
    • Term for 1/2?
    • Hemi (one side)
    • What does semi mean?
    • 1/2, partial
    • What does bi mean?
    • two, twice
    • What does di mean?
    • two, twice
    • What dose dipl/o mean?
    • double
    • What does tri mean?
    • 3
    • What does quadr/i mean?
    • 4
    • What does tetra mean?
    • 4
    • What does multi mean?
    • many
    • What does poly mean?
    • many, much
    • What does cyan/o mean?
    • Prefix for blue. ex. cyanosis (blueish)
    • What does erythr/o mean?
    • Prefix for red. ex. erythema = redness of skin
    • What does leuk/o mean?
    • Prefix for white/colorless - wbc
    • What does melan/o mean?
    • Prefix for black, dark. ex. melanin - the dark pigment that colors hair and skin.
    • What does xanth/o mean?
    • Prefix for yellow. ex. Xanthoma - yellow growth (oma) on the skin.
    • List 6 negative prefixes?
    • 1. a, an

      2. anti

      3. contra-

      4. un

      5. non

      6. dis
    • What does 'a' or 'an' mean?
    • Negative prefix. Mean 'not' or 'without'.
    • What does 'anti' mean?
    • Neg prefix meanining 'against'.
    • What does 'contra' mean?
    • Neg prefix meaning 'opposite'
    • What does 'un' mean?
    • Negative prefix meaning 'not'.
    • What does 'non' mean?
    • Neg prefix meaning 'not'.