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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is The Incredibles an example of?
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engagement
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Engagement
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aspects of the work experience that create a sense of connection to the job and organization
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Motivation
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accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work
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Need
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an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire
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Lower-order Needs in Maslow's Hierarchy
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physiological, safety, and social
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Higher-order Needs in Maslow's Hierarchy
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esteem and self-actualization
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Maslow's 2 Principles
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deficit principle and progression principle
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Deficit Principle
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states a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior
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Progression Principle
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states that people try to satisfy lower-level needs first and then move step-by-step up hte hierarchy
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Alderfer's ERG Theory stands for...
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existence needs
relatedness needs growth needs |
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Existence Needs
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desires for physiological and material well-being
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Relatedness Needs
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desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships
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Growth Needs
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desires for continued psychological growth and development
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Alderfer's Principle for ERG Theory
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frustration-regression principle
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Frustration-Regression Principle
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an already-satisfied lower-level need can become reactivated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied
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McClelland's 3 Acquired Needs
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need for achievement, power, and affiliation
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Need for Achievement
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the desire to do something better, to solve problems, or to master complex tasks
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Need for Power
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the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people
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Need for Affiliation
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the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people
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McClelland's 2 Forms of Power Need
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personal and social
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Herzberg's 2-Factor Theory
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satisfier factor
hygiene factor |
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Satisfier Factor
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found in the job content, such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth
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Hygiene Factor
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found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary
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Which of Herzberg's 2 factors increases job satisfaction?
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increasing satisfier factors
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Which of Herzberg's 2 factors decreases job dissatisfaction?
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improving hygiene factors
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Job Design
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the allocation of specific work tasks to individuals and groups
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Job Enrichment
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increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor
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5 Core Job Characteristics (J. Richard Hackman)
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1. Skill variety
2. Task identity 3. Task significance 4. Autonomy 5. Feedback |
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Skill Variety
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the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities to carry out the work and involves the use of a number of different skills and talents of the individual
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Task Identity
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the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people elsewhere in the organization or in the external environment
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Task Significance
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the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people elsewhere in the organization or in the external environment
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Autonomy
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the degree to which the job gives the individual freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and in choosing procedures for carrying itout
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Feedback
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the degree to which work activities required by the job result in the individual obtaining direct and clear information on his or her performance
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Motivation Formula
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= expectancy X Instrumentality X Valence
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Perceived Negative Inequity
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discomfort felt over being harmed by unfair treatment
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Perceived Positive Inequity
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discomfort felt over benefiting from unfair treatment
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Expectancy
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a person's belief that working hard will result in high task performance
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Instrumentality
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a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance
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Valence
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the value a person assigns to work-related outcomes
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Self-efficacy
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a person's belief that they are capable of performing a task
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Law of Effect
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states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not
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Operant Conditioning
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the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences
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Positive Reinforcement
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strengthens a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
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Negative Reinforcement
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strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
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Punishment
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discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence
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Extinction
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discourages a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence (telling employees to stop approving of another's bad behavior)
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What 2 strategies are used to strengthen desirable behavior?
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positive and negative reinforcement
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What 2 strategies are used to weaken or eliminate undesirable behaviors?
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punishment and extinction
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Shaping
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positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behavior
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Law of Contingent Reinforcement
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deliver the reward only when the desired behavior occurs
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Law of Immediate Reinforcement
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deliver the reward as soon as possible after the desired behavior occurs
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