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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the Gram + Rods
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Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Listeria, Mycobacterium
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What stain is used to visualize Chlamydia?
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Giemsa
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What is silver stain used identify?
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Legionella, and all fungi
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What does PAS stain?
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glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, used to diagnose Whipples (tropheryma whipplii)
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What does india ink stain?
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Chocolate agar with factors V & X?
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H. Influenzae
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Thayer-Martin augar?
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N. gonorrhoeae
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Loffler's media?
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C. diphtheriae
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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MacConkey agar
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E.coli, lactose fermerters
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Charcoal yeast agar?
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Legionella
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List the obligate aerobes.
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Nagging Pests Must Breathe.
Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Bacillus |
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List the obligate anaerobes.
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Anaerobes Can't Breathe Air.
Clostridium, Bacteroides, Actinomyces |
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List the obligate intracellular bugs.
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Rickettsia, Chlamydia
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List facultative intracellular bugs.
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Some Nasty Bugs May Live Facultatively.
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia |
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List the encapsulated bacteria.
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Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae B, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Group B Strep
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What type of patients have the worst time with encapsulated infections?
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Asplenic patients because they have a decreased ability to opsonize encapsulated pathogens.
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List the Catalase-positive bugs.
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You need SSPACE for your CATs.
Staph aureus, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, Candida, E.coli |
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List the urease-positive bugs.
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PUNCH-K
Proteus, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Cryptococcus, H. pylori, Klebsiella |
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Which bugs have IgA protease, and what does it do?
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SHIN
Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae B, Neisseria It binds the the Fc region on IgA and prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. |
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Which bugs inactivate elongation factor (EF-2)
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Corynebacterium diptheriae & Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Which bug over activates adenylate cyclase which increased Cl- secretion into the gut?
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ETEC (Enterotoxigenic)
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Which bug over activates guanylate cyclase decreasing reabsorption of NaCl & H2O into the gut?
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ETEC & Yersinia enterocolitica
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Which bug mimics adenylate cyclase enzyme?
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Bacillus anthracis
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Which bug over activates adenylate cyclase by permanently activationg Gs causing increased Cl- secretion into gut?
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Vibrio cholerae
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Which bug over activates adenylate cyclase by disabling Gi?
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Bordetella pertussis
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This bugs toxin works by inhibiting release fo GABA & Glycine.
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Clostridium Tetani
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This bugs toxin works by preventing release of stimulatory Ach signals at the musculoskeletal junction.
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Clostridium botulinum
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Rusty colored sputum, sepsis in sickle cell anemia & splenectomy?
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Pneumococcus
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Most common cause of Meningitis, Otitis media in children, Pneumonia, Sinusitis
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MOPS
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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This bug is bacitracin sensitive, ASO titer is used to detect it, causes scarlet fever and impetigo, pharyngitis.
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Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A strep)
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This bug is bacitracin resistant, B-hemolytic, causes pheumonia and meningitis in babies.
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Steptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)
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Can grow in 6.5% NaCl, is penicillin G resistant and causes UTI & subacute endocarditis.
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Enterococci (Group D strep)
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List the spore formers.
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Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, Coxiella burnetii
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What is the virulance factors for C. difficule?
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Toxin A is an enterotoxin that binds to the brush border of the gut, and Toxin B is a cytotoxin that destroys the cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes causing pseudomembranous colitis.
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Ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese and deli meat, actin rockets, tumbling motility?
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Listeria monocytogenes
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oral/facial abscesses, yello sulfer granules?
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Actinomyces israelii
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What is used to treat Nocardia infections?
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Sulfa drugs
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What is used to treat Actinomyces infections?
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Penicillin's
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List the location for primary and secondary TB infections.
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Primary = Ghon focus in lower lobe
Secondary = cavitary lesion in upper lobe |
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss and hemoptysis equals?
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TB
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Treatment of Hansen's disease?
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The treatment of Leprosy is long term oral dapsone
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List the lactose fermentors.
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Lactose is KEE, test with MacConKEE'S agar.
Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter & Serratia |
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This bug has a polysaccharide capsule, ferments Maltose & Glucose, causes Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome and loves neuts.
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N. MenGococci ferments Maltose & Glucose
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What bug ferments glucose only, is sexually transmitted, loves neuts, and has no capsule?
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N. Gonococci ferment Glucose
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How do you treat N. Meningococci?
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Ceftriaxone or penicillin G
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How do you treat N. Gococci?
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Ceftriaxone
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What is the MCC of epiglottis, causing a cherry-red epiglottis, causing the child to drool.
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Haemophilus influenzae
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Grown on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine, and is detected by presence of antigen in urine.
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Legionella
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What is the treatment for Legionella?
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erythromycin
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What bug is associated with hot tub cellulitis, Otitis Externia, diabetic osteomyelitis, burn patients, and cystic fibrosis pneumonia?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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What is the treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
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aminoglycoside + extended-spectrum penicillin like piperacillin & ticarcillin.
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This bug invades the intestinal mucosa causing dysentery, but produces no toxins?
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EIEC
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Travelers diarrhea?
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ETEC
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This bug flattens villi which prevents absorption causing diarrhea usually in kids.
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EPEC (P for pediatrics)
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This bug causes anemia, thromocytopenia and acute renal failure, shiga-like toxin
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EHEC
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Red current-jelly sputum & nosocomial UTI's?
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Klebsiella
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Causes bloody diarrhea, intracellular mobility via actin rockets?
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Shigella
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Rose spots on abdomen, fever, headache and possible bloody diarrhea?
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Salmonella
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MCC of bloody diarrhea especially in kids, get from poultry, unpasteurized milk, Comma shaped and oxidase positive?
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Campylobacter jejuni
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This bug permanently activates Gs increasing cAMP, comma shaped, oxidase positive, grows in alkaline media, developing countries?
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Vibrio cholerae
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List the spirochetes.
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Borrelia, Leptospira & Treponema
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How is Treponema visualized?
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Dark field microscopy
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Water contaminated with animal urine (usually rats), question mark shaped, causes jaundice, photophobia with conjunctivitis.
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Leptospira interrogans
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Treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi?
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Doxycycline, ceftriaxone
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This bug causes Hutchinson's teeth, mulberry molars, CNVIII deafness, saddle nose & Saber shins?
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Congenital syphilis
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What is Argyll Robertson pupils?
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Pupils that constrict with accommodation but is not reactive to light.
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Cat scratch?
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Bartonella
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Ixodes ticks?
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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unpasteurized dairy?
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Brucella
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Bloody diarrhea?
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Campylobacter
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Parrots & other birds?
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Chlamydophila psittaci
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Spores from tick feces and cattle placenta?
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Coxiella burnetii
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Tick, rabbits, deer flies, game skinners disease?
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Francisella tularensis
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Animal urine (usually rats)
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Leptospira
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Cat or dog bit?
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Pasteurella multocida
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Louse?
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Rickettsia prowazekii
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Dermacentor tick bite?
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Rickettsia rickettsii
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Flea bite, rodents, prairie dogs?
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Yersinia pestis
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Gray vaginal discharge, fishy smell, clue cells?
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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The rash from this bug starts on the hands and feet and moves to trunk and is endemic to the east coast.
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever from Rickettsiae rickettii
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List the 3 palm and sole rashes.
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Coxsackievirus A, Rocky mountain spotted fever & Syphilis.
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Elementary bodies & Reticulate bodies?
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Chlamydiae
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This bug is grown on Eaton's agar.
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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How do you treat mycoplamsa pneumonia?
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Tetracycline or erythromycin
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Bug associated with Mississippi & Ohio river valleys.
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Histoplasmosis
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Bug associated with States east of Mississippi River and Central America, broad-base budding.
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Blastomycosis
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Bug associated with Southwestern United States, California.
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Coccidiodomycosis
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Bug associated wiht Latin America, budding yeast with captain's wheel.
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Pigeon droppings, Sabouraud's agar, stain with india ink, soap bubble lesions in brain.
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Disk-shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain, causes diffuse interstitial pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients.
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Pneymocystis jiroveci
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Cigar-shaped budding yeast, lives on vegetation.
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Sporothrix schenckii
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Treatment for sporothrix?
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Itraconazole or potassium iodide
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Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling fatty diarrhea, seen in campers/hikers.
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Giardia lamblia
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Treatment for Giardia Lamblia?
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Metronidazole
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Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain, flask-shaped ulcer of submucosal abscess of colon ruptures.
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?
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Metronidazole and iodoquinol
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Severe diarrhea in AIDS patients, watery diarrhea in nonimmunocompromised, cysts seen on acid fast stain.
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Cryptosporidium
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Brain cysts, seizures think?
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Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
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Liver cysts think?
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Enchinococcus granulosus
The question was liver cysts not liver abscess |
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Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma think?
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Clonorchis sinensis
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Portal hypertension think?
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Schistosoma mansoni
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Hematuria, bladder cancer think?
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Schistosoma haematobium
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Microcytic anemia caused by a bug think?
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Ancylostoma, Necator
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List the live attenuated vaccines.
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Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Chickenpox (VZV), Sabin's polio virus, MMR
"Live! one night only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin's and MMR!" |
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List the dsDNA viruses.
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ALL DNA viruses except the Parvoviridae virus
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List the RNA viruses that are ssRNA.
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All except Reoviridae
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List the Naked DNA viruses.
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PAPP smears
Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma |
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List the naked RNA viruses.
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CPR
Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus |
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What virus causes Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and mononucleosis?
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EBV
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Kaposi's sarcoma is what virus?
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HHV-8 (herpes 8)
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Conjunctivitis - "Pink eye" think?
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Adenovirus
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Virus that causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, slapped cheeks (fifths disease) hydrops fetalis?
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Parvovirus (Parvo B19)
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Virus associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV patients?
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Polyomavirus
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Virus associated with Molluscum contagiosum?
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Poxvirus
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Temporal lobe encephalopathy think?
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HSV-1
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test used to confirm herpes virus?
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Tzanck
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#1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children?
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Rotavirus
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Aseptic meningitis think?
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Echovirus
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Myocarditis, herpangina, hand-foot-mouth disease?
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Coxsackievirus
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Winter vomiting, stomach flu, viral gastritis?
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Norwalk virus
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Bug that causes croup?
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Parainfluenza virus
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Bug that causes bronchiolitis in babies?
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RSV
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Hemorrhagic fever, and pneumonia think?
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Hantavirus
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What is the major cause of acute diarrhea in the US during winter, and especially in day-care centers?
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Rotavirus
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Fever, postauricular adenopathy, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias with rash that starts at head and moves down
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Rubella virus
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Koplic spots (red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa and decending maculopapular rash?
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis |
Measles (Rubeola) virus
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Negri bodies, cytoplasmic exclusions, bullet-shaped capsid?
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Rabies virus
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What is the protein that attaches HIV virus to host T cells?
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gp120
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What is the protein that allows HIV virus fusion and entry into host T cells?
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gp41
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What is capsid protein of the HIV virus?
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gag (p24)
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Diagnostic test for HIV is done with?
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ELISA, then confirmed with Western Blot
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Contaminated seafood or shellfish?
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Vibrio
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Reheated rice?
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Bacillus cereus
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reheated meat dishes?
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Clostridium perfringens
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improperly canned foods?
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Clostridium botulinum
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Poultry, eggs, turtles?
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Salmonella
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Undercooked meat?
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E. coli O157:H7
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MCC of pneumonia in children 4wk-18yrs?
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RSV
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MCC of pneumonia in adults 18-40?
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Mycoplasma
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MCC of pneumonia in adults 40 and up?
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Strep pneumoniae
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MCC of meningitis in newborn 0-6 months?
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Group B strep (agalactiae)
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MCC of meningitis 6mth and up?
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Strep pneumoniae #1 in teens is N. meningitidis
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Positive leukocyte esterase test i urine is?
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Bacterial UTI
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Positive nitrite test in urine is?
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Gram - bacterial UTI
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Struvite stones think?
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Proteus mirabilis
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