- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Causative agent of nausea, vomiting (onset < 6 hr) after eating cold cuts, or potato salad, or mayonnaise, or custards?
|
Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
Rapid-onset food poisoning is mediated by what component of staphylococcus?
|
Enterotoxin
|
|
Tx of staphylococcal food poisoning?
|
Rehydration
|
|
Microbial cause of nausea and vomiting, +/- diarrhea (onset < 6 hr) after eating reheated rice?
|
Bacillus cereus
|
|
Bacterial spores are resistant to heat due to what component?
|
dipicolinic acid core
|
|
Microbial cause of nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea w/ rapid (onset >6 hr) after eating reheated meat or gravy?
|
Clostridium perfringens
|
|
Most likely cause of persistent dyspepsia in a pt not receiving NSAIDs is
|
Helicobacter pylori
|
|
Increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma
|
H. pylori colonization
|
|
Indications to treat H. pylori-associated PUD
|
Presence of organism
|
|
Standard first-line abx for PUD due to H. pylori is
|
PPI + clarith + amox
|
|
Cause of acute onset of diarrhea with rice-water stools, vomiting, dehydration during travel to South America
|
Vibrio cholerae
|
|
Pathophysiology of cholera is due to what mechanism?
|
A-B toxin causes ↑ cAMP
 |
|
Cholera pathogen is isolated from stool by culture on selective medium called
|
thiosulfate-citrate-buffered sucrose (TCBS) agar
|
|
The comma-shaped cholera organisms are microscopically similar to
|
Campylobacter
|
|
Tx of cholera involves
|
Rehydration (tet in severity
|
|
Secretory diarrhea, fever and vomiting during travel are caused by
|
Enterotoxic E. coli
|
|
Secretory diarrhea w/ fatty, foul-smelling stools in campers, hikers; also day-care outbreaks is caused by
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
Following ingestion of 15-25 cysts, excysted trophozoites adhere at brush border of enterocytes and contribute to malabsorption. TOW?
|
Giardiasis
|
|
Dx of giardiasis is confirmed by
|
Stool antigen (+)
|
|
Giardiasis is specifically treated with
|
Metronidazole
|
|
Protracted, secretory diarrhea w/ large fluid loss in AIDS is caused by (clue: acid-fast organisms)
|
Cryptosporidium >> Cyclospora > Isospora
|
|
Frank bloody diarrhea, after eating undercooked meats or drinking fruits drinks, is caused by prepared foods or water, contaminated w/
|
E. coli O157:H7
|
|
Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic enterocolitis caused by E. coli involves
|
Shiga toxin (a cytotoxin)
|
|
Complication of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in children
|
hemolytic uremic syndrom
|
|
Profuse diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and dehydration in infants is caused by
|
Rotavirus
|
|
Mechanism of rotaviral diarrhea involves
|
Villus destruction
|
|
Infantile watery diarrhea and fever are caused by
|
Adenovirus 40,41
|
|
Outbreak of nausea, vomiting, fever in adults is caused by
|
Norovirus
|
|
Cause of nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea +/- bloody 12-48h after eating eggs or poultry or peanut butter?
|
Non-typhoidal Salmonella
|
|
Abx treatment in acute gastroenteritis due to Salmonella spp. is not warranted to avoid
|
carrier (in bile ducts) state
|
|
Abx used only to treat septic phase of salmonella gastroenteritis is
|
ciprofloxacin
|
|
Cause of fevers (>103°), headaches; macular rash on torso (“rose spots”) abdominal pain and little diarrhea later; PE: bradycardia; hepatosplenomegaly (+/-) in a pt with hx of travel (to tropics)?
|
Salmonella typhi
|
|
Cause of diarrhea w/ occult blood, abdominal cramping and fever, 2d after ingestion of poultry-contaminated salad
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
Abx to treat campylobacter enteritis with high fevers in pregnancy, and HIV is
|
Erythromycin
|
|
Cause of dysentery-like illness with fever + abdominal cramps, tenesmus + blood & mucus in children?
|
Shigella sonnei
|
|
Dysentery due to invasive Shigella spp. in elderly is treated with
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
Cause of dysentery-like illness (+/- pseudoappendicitis or pseudo- crohn syndrome) in the northern region after eating cheese
|
Yersinia enterocolitica
|
|
Cause of dysentery-like illness in a patient w/ hx of broad-spectrum abx use
|
Clostridium difficile
|
|
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is mediated by toxins
|
A (enterotoxin) + B (cytotoxin).
|
|
Lab confirmation of CDAD does not require stool Cx, but is based on
|
EIA for stool toxins A or B
|
|
Besides rehydration and cessation of inciting meds, CDAD is treated with
|
Metronidazole (mild) or oral vancomycin (severe/relapse)
|
|
Health-care associated (nosocomial) spread of Clostridium difficile diarrhea and protracted outbreak is due to
|
Fecal-oral and/or contact w/ environmental spores
|
|
Hx of abdominal pain, tenesmus, stools with mucus + blood in a patient, who recently traveled to tropics; CBC: eosinophilia. TOW?
|
Amebic dysentery
|
|
Stool microscopy to confirm amebic dysentery should reveal characteristic trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica w/
|
endocytosed RBCs (distinction from luminal ameba)
|
|
Rx of amebic dysentery involves
|
Metronidazole + iodoquinol
|
|
Abscesses in liver or peritonitis in travelers w/ or w/o hx of amebic dysentery is confirmed by
|
Serology for E. histolytica
|
|
A boar hunter develops dysentery after eating meat at campsite; O & P test should reveal a ciliate parasite, known as
|
Balantidium coli
|
|
Most likely cause of chronic abdominal pain, diarrhea; intestinal obstruction; cholangitis; liver abscess, in children
|
Ascaris lumbricides
|
|
Ova & Parasite test using microscopy for oval eggs (with a thick coarse shell) in stool confirms
|
ascariasis
|
|
A child has stomach ache, distended abdomen, poor appetite. “Pearl-colored earthworm”-like organisms in the stool. Major immune response against this infection?
|
IgE
|
|
DOC of ascariasis is
|
Mebendazole
|
|
Vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, epigastric pain, weight loss in an immigrant from developing country is caused by
|
Strongyloides stercoralis
|
|
DOC of strongyloidosis is
|
Ivermectin
|
|
Pt w/ AIDS (low CD4+ counts) develops pulmonary infiltrates (+ eosinophilia) and/or gram negative sepsis. TOW?
|
Invasive strongyloidosis
|
|
Weakness, fatigue, lightheadedness, dyspnea, pruritis; pallor; iron- deficiency anemia; eosinophilia (hx of outdoor activity). TOW?
|
Hookworm (Necator americanas) infection
|
|
Fever, periorbital edema, subconjunctival hemorrhages, muscle weakness, and rash, after eating undercooked pork (Lab: eosinophilia., ↑CPK, ↑LDH &). TOW?
|
Trichinellosis
|
|
Abdominal pain, bloating, altered appetite after ingestion of sushi. CBC: megaloblastic anemia; leukocytosis/eosinophilia. TOW?
|
Diphyllobothriasis (fish tapeworm)
|
|
Dx of tape worm infection is confirmed by
|
Proglottids in stool
|
|
Tape worm infections are treated with broad-spectrum agent
|
Praziquantel
|
|
Cause of fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly in an immigrant from Africa or Orient; pt recalls wading in stagnant water. RUQ ultrasound (+); CBC: eosinophilia.
|
Schistosoma mansoni (Africa) S. japonicum (Far East)
|
|
Microscopy of stool in chronic stage of schistosomiasis reveals
|
Large eggs with lateral spine.
|
|
Chronic stage of schistosomiasis is treated with
|
Praziquantel
|
|
Patient with acute jaundice is HAV IgM (+); household contact should receive for prophylaxis
|
Inactivated HAV vaccine
|
|
Patient with jaundice for < 1 week has HBsAg (+), Anti-HBc IgM (+). TOW?
|
Acute HBV infection
|
|
Multiple sex partners, IDU, infants born to infected mothers are risk groups for which hepatitis virus
|
HBV
|
|
This is an enveloped, double stranded DNA virus w/ ss-break; transmitted by infective body fluids. TOW?
|
HBV
|
|
This asymptomatic man has hep serology profile of HBsAg (-), Anti-HBs (+), Anti-HBc IgG (+), Anti-HBc IgM (-). TOW?
|
Resolved hepatitis B
|
|
This man has jaundice and is HBsAg (+) > 6 months, Anti-HBs (-), HBeAg (+), Anti-HBc IgG (+), HBV DNA > 20,000 IU/ml. TOW?
|
Chronic active hepatitis B
|
|
This man has jaundice and is HBsAg (+) > 6 months, HBeAg (+) and evidence of necroinflammation. He should receive
|
Peg-IFNα 2a + lamivudine (or cidofovir)
|
|
This man has no jaundice, but HBsAg (+) >6 months, Anti-HBs (-), Anti-HBc IgG (+), HBeAg (-), persistently normal ALT. TOW?
|
Inactive HBsAg carrier
|
|
This man, at the time of annual physical exam, reveals Anti-HBs (+) and other markers are (-). TOW?
|
HBV immunized
|
|
Virologic confirmation of chronic jaundice in a HBV-immunized pt w/ IDU or hemodialysis is based on
|
HCV RNA > HCV IgG
 |
|
More chronicity of HCV (than HBV) is due to immune-evasive quasispecies generated during replication (in blood) of
|
error-prone HCV RNA virus
|
|
Fulminant hepatitis in a patient, who has multiple sexual partners and is HBsAg (+); HBcIgM (-), can be fatal due to what?
|
HDV superinfection.
|
|
Cause of acute onset of jaundice, nausea, right-upper quadrant pain, hepatomegaly in pregnant women in India
|
HEV
|
