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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of virus is EBV?
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gammaherpesvirus
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What kind of virus is CMV?
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betaherpesvirus
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What kind of genetic material doe EBV have?
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linear dsDNA
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What gives a definitive diagnosis with EBV?
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Heterophile antibodies!!!
(also will see Downy cells in circulation) |
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How does the MonoSpot test work?
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Agglutination of horse RBCs will be positive if heterophile antibodies are present
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What antibiotic do you NOT want to give mono patients? Why?
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Ampicillin
A rash will develop |
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What kind of virus is Mumps?
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Paramyxovirus
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What kind of genetic material does the mumps virus have?
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linear ssRNA (-)sense
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What kind of mumps virus does the MMR contain/protect against?
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Jeryl Lynn attenuated virus strain
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What is a complication of mumps?
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Orchitis in men (30%)
Oophoritis in post-pubertal females (3%) |
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What does the gag gene of HIV do?
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encodes a precursor (p53/55) that is cleaved into 4 functional nucleocapsid proteins (p7,9,17,24/25)
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What does the pol gene of HIV do?
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encodes a precursor that is cleaved into viral enzymes: RT (p51,p64), integrase (p31/32) and protease (p10)
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What does the env gene of HIV do?
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encodes a precursor (gp160) that is cleaved into 2 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41
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What doe the HIV chemokine receptors do? (CXCR4 or CCR5)
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allows the HIV envelope to fuse with the PM of the host cell and insert the viral nucleocapsid into the host cell
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What are the symptoms resulting from in acute HIV infection?
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cytokine release
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What doe the infections correlate with in early symptomatic HIV infection?
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T cell counts - these are not AIDS-defining infections
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How is AIDS defined?
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patient is HIV+ and is either...
1. presenting with one of the 26 opportunistic infections/cancers (AIDS defining) OR 2. has a CD4+ T cell count <200 OR 3. Has a CD4+ T cell count <14% of lymphocytes |
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How does a person develop AIDS-related dementia?
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macrophages can deliver HIV to microglia and neurons
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What age group is mostly affected by AIDS?
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15-24 years
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What defines a positive Western Blot?
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2 bands!
a bands at p31 or p24 a band at gp160/120 or gp41 |
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What is a normal CD4:CD8 ratio?
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between 1 and 6
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What are the 3 nucleoside RT inhibitors?
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Zidovudine
Didanosine Lamivudine |
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What are the 3 non-nucleoside RT inhibitors?
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Delavirdine
Neveriapine Efavirenz |
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What are the 3 Protease inhibitors?
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Saquinavir
Indinavir Rotinavir |
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What are the 4 Entry/Fusion Inhibitors?
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Enfuvirtide
Maraviroc PRO 140 (not FDA approved) Ibalizumab (not FDA approved) |
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What are the 2 Integrase inhibitors?
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Raltegravir
Elvitegravir |
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What are the 3 nucleoside RT inhibitors?
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Zidovudine
Didanosine Lamivudine |
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What are the 3 non-nucleoside RT inhibitors?
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Delavirdine
Neveriapine Efavirenz |
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What are the 3 Protease inhibitors?
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Saquinavir
Indinavir Rotinavir |
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What are the 4 Entry/Fusion Inhibitors?
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Enfuvirtide
Maraviroc PRO 140 (not FDA approved) Ibalizumab (not FDA approved) |
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What are the 2 Integrase inhibitors?
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Raltegravir
Elvitegravir |
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What are the 2 Maturation Inhibitors?
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Bevirimat
Vivecon (neither approved yet) |
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What is the 1 Antisense drug?
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HGTV43 (no approved yet)
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Where is HIV-2 generally found?
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West Africa
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Where is HIV-1 generally found?
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Worldwide
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What additional gene does HTLV-1 have that HIV doesn't?
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tax - transactivates the genes for IL-2 and IL-2R
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What do IL-2 and IL-2R have to do with HTLV?
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needed for T cell proliferation and production of IL-2 and IL-2R without antigen stimulation results in uncontrolled clonal proliferation
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What family of viruses does HAV belong to?
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Picornaviridae
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What family of viruses does HEV belong to?
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Hepeviridae
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What family of viruses does HBV belong to?
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Hepadnaviridae
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What family of viruses does HCV belong to?
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Flaviviridae
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What is another name for HBV?
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Dane particle
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What does the genome of HBV code for?
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DNA polymerase/reverse transcriptase and other viral proteins
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Which viral hemorrhagic fevers are flaviviridae?
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Dengue and yellow fever viruses
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Which cells are infected initially in viral hemorrhagic fevers?
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tissue macrophages and dendritic cells
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What do the infected dendritic cells do in viral hemorrhagic fevers?
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they reduce expression of costimulatory molecules (B7) leading to decreased immune responses
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What is the vector for Dengue fever?
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Mosquito = Aedes aegypti
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What is the vector for Yellow Fever?
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Mosquito = Aedes sp. or Haemagogus sp
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In what disease do you see councilman bodies?
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Yellow fever
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To which strain of yellow fever is there a vaccine?
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17D
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Which viral hemorraghic fevers are caused by bunynaviruses?
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Rift Valley Fever
Hantaan Virus Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever |
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What is the vector for Rift Valley Fever?
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Mosquitoes = Aedes, Culex, Erethmapodites
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What is the big problem with Rift Valley Fever?
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livestock! not so much human
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What is the vector of Hantaan Virus?
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rodent borne virus! = striped field mouse (Apodemous agrarius)
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What does Hantaan Virus cause?
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Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
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What is the vector for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever?
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Tick = Hyalomma marginatum
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What is the red flag of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever
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bioterrorism threat!
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What kind of virus is Lassa Virus?
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Arenavirus
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Which hemorrhagic fevers are caused by filoviridae?
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ebola
marburg |
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What does "Arena" translate to in Greek?
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sandy
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What is the vector for Lassa Virus?
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robovirus! = multimammate rat = Mastomys natalensis
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What is a major complication of Lassa virus?
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deafness
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What is a complication of Hantaan virus?
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blindness
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What is the reservoir for Marburg Virus?
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fruit bats
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What is a major complication of Rift Valley Fever?
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blindness in 20%
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What is the vector for malaria?
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Anopheles mosquito
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What do the gametocytes look like in malaria?
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bananas!
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What is the pathogenicity of malaria?
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it consumes hemoglobin - converts hemoglobin to globin + hematin - hematin is modified into the characteristic malarial pigment - globin is split by proteolytic enzymes and digested
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Which type of malaria does sickle cell anemia protect against?
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falciparum malaria
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Which type of malaria does a lack of the Duffy antigen protect against?
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Plasmodium vivax
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Is there a vaccine for malaria?
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NO!
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When does the Anopheline mosquito feed?
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night
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What are the fever & chills associated with in malaria?
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rupture of RBC schizonts
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What is diagnostic of vivax malaria?
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Schuffner's dots
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What is diagnostic of falciparum malaria?
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maurer's clefts
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What is the vector of Babesiosis?
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deer tick = Ixodes scapularis
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What is diagnostic of babesiosis?
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Maltese cross that forms in the RBCs
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What is the vector for African sleeping sickness?
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Tsetse flies
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What is diagnostic for African Sleeping Sickness?
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Trypomastigote in blood
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What is the infective stage of T. cruzi (Chagas disease)?
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metacyclic trypomastigote
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What is the vector for Chagas disease?
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Reduviid bug (kissing)
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What is diagnostic for acute Chaga's disease?
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trypomastigote in blood
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What is diagnostic for chronic Chaga's disease?
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amastigote in psuedocyts in tissue
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What is the infective stage of Leishmaniasis?
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promastigote
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What is the vector for Leishmaniasis?
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sand flies = Lutzomyia, Phlebotomus
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What is the active form in acute toxoplasmosis infection?
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tachyzoite
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What is the active for in chronic toxoplasmosis infection?
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bradyzoite
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What is significant/special about Schistosoma haematobium?
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assocated with bladder carcinoma.
Pain on urination with bloody urine |
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What are the sx of S. japonicum and S. mansoni?
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granulomata in various sites; asymptomatic or w/ chronic, mild bloody diarrhea
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Chronic bacteremia with what bacteria is associated with all species of Schistosomiasis?
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Salmonella
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What is the DOC for Schistosomiasis?
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Praziquantel
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Where are the lesions usually found in Swimmer's Itch?
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on the legs
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What is the DOC for Dracunculus medinensis?
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metronidazole
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What is Wuchereria bancrofti?
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Elephantiasis
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What is the infective form in Wuchereria bancrofti?
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filariform juvenile
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What is the diagnostic stage for elephantiasis (wuchereria bancrofti)?
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Microfilaria in the blood
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What is the DOC for wuchereria bancrofti?
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diethylcarbamazine
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What is the common name for onchocerca volvulus?
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River Blindness
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What is the vector for Onchocerca volvulus?
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Simulium sp = black fly
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What is the infective stage of Onchocerca volvulus?
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filariform larvae
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What is the DOC for Onchocerciasis?
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Ivermectin
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What is the infective form of Loa loa?
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filariform larvae
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What is the DOC for Loa loa?
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diethylcarbamazine
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What is the vector for Loa loa?
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deer fly
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What does Bartonella bacilliformis cause?
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bartonellosis, Oroya fever --> verruga
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What does Bartonella quintana cause?
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trench fever
bacillary angiomatosis SBE |
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What does Bartonella henselae cause?
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cat scratch disease
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What does Bartonella elizabethae and Bartonella clarridgeiae cause?
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endocarditis
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What is the vector for B. bacilliformis?
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sandfly
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What is the vector for B. quintana?
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body louse
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What is the vector for B. henselae?
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cat flea
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What is the acute phase of B. bacilliformis?
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oroya fever
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What is the chronic phase of B. bacilliformis?
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verruga
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What is the tx for Cat Scratch disease?
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azithromycin
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What is the tx for bartonellosis?
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doxy or chloramphenicol
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What is the tx for bacillary angiomatosis?
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macrolides or doxy
(doxy + rifampin for serious disease) |
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What is the tx for Trench Fever?
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doxy
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What are janeway lesions?
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flat, painless, red-to-bluish red macules/nodules on the palms and soles. Pathognomonic for infective endocarditis
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What are splinter petechiae?
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linear hemorrhages in middle of nail bed
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What are Osler's nodes?
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red, painful intradermal transient nodules on pads of fingers and toes. small (size of split peas) (infective endocarditis)
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What are Roth Spots?
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white area in the retina, lymphocytes, edema, and hemorrhage (infective endocarditis)
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What is recrudescent typhus also called?
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Brill-Zinsser diease - can occur years after initial disease - similar but milder symptoms
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What is the vector of Ehrlichiosis?
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lone-star tick
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What is the vector of Anaplasmosis?
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blacklegged or deer tick and the Western blacklegged tick
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What is the vector of Q fever?
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can be ticks but does not require a vector for transmission - considered a zoonotic disease
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