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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 systemic mycoses
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Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioidomycosis |
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Two forms of dimorphic fungi?
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Cold = mold (20C)
Heat = yeast (37C) |
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Which of the systemic mycoses is not a dimorphic fungus?
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Coccidioidomycosis: is a spherule, not yeast, in tissue
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Treatment of systemic mycoses (local infection)
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Fluconazole or ketoconazole
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Treatment of systemic mycoses (systemic infection)
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Amphotericin B
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Mycosis that hides in macrophages?
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Histoplasmosis
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Mycosis transmitted by bird or bat droppings?
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Histoplasma
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Clinical sequela of histo?
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Pneumoina
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Broad-based budding?
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Blastomycosis
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Clinical features of blasto?
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Inflammatory lung disease
Forms granulomatous nodules |
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Which 2 mycoses can disseminate to skin and bone?
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Blastomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis |
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Mycosis associated with earthquakes?
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Coccidioido
Spherules in dust thrown up in the air |
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Clinical features of coccidioido
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Pneumonia and meningitis
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Spherule filled with endospores
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Coccidioidomycosis
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Budding yeast w/ captain's wheel formation?
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Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Malassezia furfur -->
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Tinea versicolor
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Pathogenesis of tinea versicolor
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Degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes --> hypo and/or hyperpigmented patches
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Treatment of M. furfur
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Topical miconazole, selenium sulfide
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Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep
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Tinea versicolor
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Pruritic lesions w/ central clearing resembling a ring
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Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis
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Mold hyphae in KOH prep
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Dermatophytes
NOT dimorphic |
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Treatment for Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis
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Topical azoles (tinea capitis needs oral) or terbinafine
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Reservoir for Microsporum (a dermatophyte)?
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Pets
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Dimorphic forms of Candida albicans
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Yeast w/ branched budding and pseudohyphae (20C)
Germ tube formation (37C): diagnostic |
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C. albicans in i/c pts
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Oral and esophageal thrush
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C. albicans in IV drug users
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Endocarditis
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C. albicans in diabetics or post-antibiotics
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vulvovaginitis
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C. albicans treatment: superficial infection
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Nystatin
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C. albicans treatment: serious systemic infection
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Amphotericin B
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Fungus ball
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Aspergillus
Presents w/ cough and hemoptysis |
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Aspergillosis is most common in these two groups of pts
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I/C
Chronic granulomatous disease |
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Pathology of Aspergillus fumigatus
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Mold with septate hyphae that branch at acute angles
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Heavily encapsulated yeast
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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Narrow-based budding
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Cryptococcus neoformans
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"Soap bubble" lesions in brain
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Cryptococcus
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Diagnosis of Cryptococcus
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Culture on Sabouraud's agar
Stains w/ India ink Latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen (more specific) |
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Clinical sequelae of cyrptococcus
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Cryptococcal meningitis
Cryptococcosis (non-specific symptoms) |
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Treatment of acute meningitis caused by cryptococcus
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Amphotericin B and flucytosine
Fluconazole is used for pts for lifelong prophylaxis |
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Mycosis disease associated w/ diabetic ketoacidosis
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Mucormycosis
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Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
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Mucor and Rhizopus
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Wide angle branching (90degrees +) vs. acute angle branching (<45 degrees)
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Mucormycosis
Aspergillus |
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Two types of pts most commonly infected with Mucor/ Rhizopus
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Ketoacidotic diabetic
Leukemic Fungi proliferate in vessel walls when there is excess ketone and glucose, penetrate cribriform plate, and enter brain |
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Infection of paranasal sinuses
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Mucormycosis
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Clinical sequelae of mucormycosis
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Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
Headache, facial pain, CN involvement Black necrotic eschar on face Can lead to confusion/ death |
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Treatment of Mucor/ Rhizopus
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Surgical debridement + amphotericin B
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Clinical sequela of pneumocystis jiroveci
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Diffuse interstitial pneumonia (diffuse, bilateral CXR appearance)
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Diagnosis of p. jiroveci
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Lung biopsy or lavage
Identified by methenamine silver stain of lung tissue |
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Saucer-shaped yesast forms
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Pneumocystis jiroveci
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Treatment of p. jiroveci
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TMP-SMX
Pentamidine Dapsone |
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Thorn transmission
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Sporothrix schenckii
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Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation
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sporothrix schenckii (rose gardener's disease)
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Clinical sequela of sporothrichosis
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Local pustule or ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)
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Treatment of sporothrix schenckii
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Itraconazole or potassium iodide
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Narrow vs. broad-based budding
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Cryptococcus is narrow
Blastomycosis is broad |
