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54 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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a diseased state resulting from an invasion of the body by a pathogen
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Pathophysiology
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a disease-producing or causing (micro) - organism
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Pathogen
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the study of microorganisms
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Microbiology
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life forms generally too small to be seen with the naked eye (requires the use of microscope to be seen)
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Microorganism
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name some forms of microorganism
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Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites, Yeast
(often referred to as germs bugs, or microbes) |
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Do all parasites need a microscope to be seen?
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No
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The study of bacteria
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Bacteriology
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The study of viruses
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Virology
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The study of fungi
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Mycology
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The study of parasites
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Parasitology
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The study of host (human) resistance to disease
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Immunology
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What makes up the immune system (basically)
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White blood cells like neutrophils, B-cells and T-cells
Processes like inflammation and phagocytosis |
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What is phagocytosis?
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the process of engulfing and digesting extracellular foreign materials (like baceria and viruses that do not belong in our bodies)
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Another name for parasitic worms
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Helminths
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Helminths and protoza are?
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types of parasites
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the study of living organisms like protozoa and helminths that cause disease
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Parasitology
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Definition of parasites...
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an organism that uses the life cycle of a host species (lives off host cell/organism) for sustenance or reproduction, or both (life)
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Is parasitism about killing the host?
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It happens, but it's not in the parasites best interest.
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What are True Parasites?
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The largest in the size of the microorganisms.
The 1st microbes ever seen. |
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Description of Protozoa
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Eukaryotic cell, with nuceus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria
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What is Trypanosoma gambiense
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protozoa that is the:
causative agent of African sleeping sickness Infects 50 million people worldwide |
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5 examples of protozoa
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1. Trichomonas Vaginalis
2. Giardia lamblia 3. Toxoplasma gondii 4. Cryptosporidium 5. Trypanosoma |
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Description of Helminths
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Known as worms
- multicellular with differentiated organs |
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Give 3 groups of Helminths
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1. Nematodes (tubular in shape) known as roundworms.
2. Cestodes (segmented) tapeworms 3. Trematodes (leaf shaped with suckers) often reffered to as flukes |
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2 specific examples of Nematodes
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Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms) - come out of anus in the evening and lay eggs then crawl back in.
Ascaris lumbricoides - large roundworms in humans (seen in children too) |
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Example of a Cestode
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Taenia (tapeworm)
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Example of a Trematode
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Schistosoma (blood fluke)
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What is Fungi and where is it found
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Larger multicellular organisms
found everywhere |
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What is included in the study of mycology
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Yeast and Mold
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What is an example of a yeast? What does it cause and where is it found?
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Candida albicans. Causes human yeast infections. Found in mouth, skin, and normal human microflora
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What are two examples of mold? What do they cause?
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Tinea pedis and Tinea corporis. Athletes foot and ringoworm.
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What is microflora?
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"resident microbial organisms"--what is living in you and on you normally
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What are two examples of fungal disease
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Ringworm and oral yeast infection ("thrush")
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What does tinea mean
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Worm
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What characteristics do viruses have
(7 characteristics) |
Do not respire, do not move, cannot and do not grow. Do reproduce and may adapt to new hosts. Acellular (not living, not dead--just there). Do not have metabolism/metabolic processes.
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What do viruses need to replicate
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Hosts
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What are the parts/structures to a virus
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Protein coat known as a capsid and a genome or nucleic acid
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What is another name for the protein coat of viruses
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Capsid
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What makes up the nucleic acid of a virus
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Either DNA or RNA, never both. Either single stranded (ss) or double stranded (ds)
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How are viruses classified
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Type of nucleic acid, diseases they cause, enveloped or non-enveloped
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What are baby viruses known as
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Virions or virus particles
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What is the method of reproduction for viruses
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1. Viruses attach to host cell receptor
2. Virus or viral nucleic acid enters the cell. Takes over and uses the enter cell. 3. Virus uses host cell's enzymes and ribosomes to make viral genes and proteins inside of making its own. (pirating the cell's productivity) 4. New virus particles (baby viruses) eventually leave host and search for a new host cell |
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Give an example of a host cell receptor a virus would attach to
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Influenza usess sialic acid on mucousal cells.
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What are the differences between an enveloped and non-enveloped virus reproduction
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Enveloped- Attach to host cell receptor they go through membrane fusion, replication happens in the host nucleus, budding is how they leave the host, which creates a new envelope
Non-enveloped- faster due to less stuff to do, goes in the cell through endocytosis, no processes happen in the nucleus, leave the cell through lysis (which causes cell death) |
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Give three examples of an enveloped virus
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Influenza, HIV, and herpes
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Give an example of a non-enveloped virus
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A lot of GI viruses
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What virus has been erradicated naturally but is a risk with biowarfare
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smallpox
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What bacteria are good
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Probiotics-help us; help the environment (degrade biowaste, clean up oil spills...)
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What are biofilms
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Layers of cells that form a tight network and all communicate together
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What type of cell is a bacteria
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Prokaryotes
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What are characteristics of prokaryotes
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Simple, single-celled organisms. Belong to the kingdom Monera. Do not have membrane bound organelles.(nucleus or mitochondria). High metabolic rate; replicates rapidly (hours vs. days or years). Replicate by binary fission
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How fast does E. coli replicate
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20 minutes (the fasts)
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What is binary fission
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DNA splits into two; goes to seperate ends of the cell and pinches
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What substance is unique to bacteria
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PEPTIDOGLYCAN is a molecule in their cell wall.
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