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25 Cards in this Set
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aerobic respiration
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energy yielding process in which molecules, often organic, are oxidized with oxygen as the final electron receptor
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anaerobic respiration
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energy yielding process in which the terminal electron acceptor for an electron transport chain is a molecule other than oxygen
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anoxygenic photosynthesis
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photosynthesis that does not oxidize water to produce oxygen
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ATP Synthase
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a membrane-bound enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP +Pi using the energy derived from the proton motive force
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bateriochlorophyll
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a modified chlorophyl that is the primary light trapping pigment in anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
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bacteriorhodopsin
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a transmembranous protein to which retinal is bound; it functions as a light driven proton pump
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chemiosmotic hypothesis
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the hypothesis that a proton and electrochemical gradient are generated by electron transport and then used to perform work (e.g. drive ATP synthesis)
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chemolithotroph
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oxidizes reduced inorganic compounds to derive both energy and electrons
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chlorophyl
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the green photosynthetic pigment that consists of tetrapyrrole ring with a central magnesium atom
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cyclic photophosphorylation
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the formation of ATP when light energy is used o move electrons cyclically though an electron transport chain during photosynthesis
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dark reactions
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pathways in which photosynthetically derived energy is used to drive CO2 fixation
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Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
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a glycolytic pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvate and also generates several precursor metabolites
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Entner-Doudoroff pathway
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a glycolytic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde3phosphate
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fermentation
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an energy yielding process in which an organic molecule is oxidized without an exogenous electron acceptor or participation of an electron transport chain
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glycolosis
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the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid by use of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, or Entner-Doudoroff pathway
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light reactions
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photochemical events that lead to the synthesis of ATP and in some cases, the reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H
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noncyclic photophosphorylation
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the process in which light energy is sued to make ATP and reducing power when electrons are moved from water to NADP+ during oxygenic photosynthesis
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oxidative phosphorilation
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the synthesis of ATP from ADP+Pi using energy made available during electron trasnport initiated by the oxidaiton of a chemical energy source
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oxygenic photosynthesis
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photosynthesis that oxidizes water to form oxygen; the form of photosynthesis characteristic of PLANTS, PROTISTS & CYANOBACTERIA
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pentose phosphate pathway
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a glycolytic pathway that forms reducing power (NADPH) for biosynthesis and several precursor metabolites
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photophosphorylation
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the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi using energy made available during electron transport initiated by the absorption of light energy
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photosynthesis
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the trapping of light energy and its conversion to chemical energy, which is then used to reduce CO2 and incorporate into organic molecules
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proton motive force
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the potential energy arising from a chemical and charge gradient of protons across a membrane
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substrate level phosphorylation
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the synthesis of ATP from ADP by phosphorylation coupled with the exergonic break-down of a high-energy organic molecule
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tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
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the cycle that oxidizes acetyl coenzyme A to CO2 and generates NADH and FADH2 for oxidation in the electron transport chain; the cycle also supplies precursor metabolites; citric acid and Krebbs cycle.
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