Microbiology Exam 1 set 4

Helper T-cells function to help regulate the activities of ___ cells and ____ cells during an immune response

what are the two types of helper T-cells ?

what type of helper T-cell assists B cells?

what type of helper T-cell express CD26 and a cytokine receptor named CCR5

__ are proteins secreted by leukocytes
-immune system modulators
-usually for local communication

___ is when you sense something on the outside and send message inside

what type of helper T cells have cytokine receptors CCR3 and CCR4?

what type of helper T-cell assist cytotoxic T cells?

____ is the 3D shape of proteins that makes its function

____ change causes a signal transduction which leads to a cascade of events

___make up the majority of cells produced during B cell proliferation

each plasma cell secretes only antibody molecules complementary to the specific ___ ____

t/f

are long-lived cells that die within a few months of activation, through their antibodies and progeny can persist

t/f

Memory B cells are long-lived cells that divide divide many times and then persist in the lymphoid tissue

t/f

memory b cells are available to initiate antibody production

Two types of acquired (adaptive) immunity :

cell-mediated immunity:

imunity mediated by ____

t/f

cell-mediated immune response:

responses to extracellular pathogen and abnormal body cells

cell-mediated immune response:

the most common intracellular pathogens are ___ but the response is also effective against intracellular bacteria

cell-mediated immune response is triggered when ___ ___ or the pathogen are displayed on the host cell's surface

what is a porin forming compound causes lysis

what proteins can recognize self and non self

MHC proteins present processed antigens to ____

T/f

MHC proteins include few classes of proteins

MHC was first identified in ___ __

what is important in tissue rejection?

what is the function of MHC complex?

Antigens bind to the _____ ___ of MHC molecules

what are the two types of MHC proteins?

Class I MHCI proteins are found on all nucleated cells but not on ____

MHC protein classes bind to ___ and ____

t/f

MHC proteins present exogenous processed antigens

what class of MHC binds to TCRs and CD8

what class of MHCs are found on antigen presenting cells?

t/f

Class 2 (MHC II) present Exogenous antigens

__ cant see antigen so they need APC to present it to them

___ cell receptors recongnize processed antigens in the form

what are the Major antigen presenting cells (APCs) are:

What class of MHCs bind to TCR and CD4

MHC I binds to peptides generated from "_____"

MHCII binds to peptides generated from "____"

CD4 binds to MHC class __
CD8 binds to MHC class __

Antigen Processing:

___ are large antigen molecules with readily accessible, repeating antigenic determinants

Antigen Processing:

__ cells can bind these directly without being processed
Stimulates ____ cells to differentiate into a plasma cell and produce antibodies

Antigen processing:

___ are smaller antigens with less accessible antigenic determinants

T-dependent antigens

Helper T-cells are assisted by ___ that process antigen to make the antigenic determinants more accessible

processing of endogenous antigens:

-The intracellular pathogens are also digested into smaller antigenic determinants
-each fragment binds to MHCI molecule located in ____ ___ ___

processing of exogenous antigens:

APC internalizes the invading pathogens and enzymatically digest it into smaller antigenic fragments which are contained within a ___

B cells require involvement from helper T cells to target ___ antigens

processing of exogenous antigens:

Phagolysosomes fuse with a vessicle containing ___ molecules

processing of exogenous antigens:

APC internalizes the invading pathogen and enzymatically digest it into smaller antigenic fragments which are contained within a phagolysosome

-phagolysosomes fuse with vessicle containing MHCII molecules
-each fragment binds to the ____ ___ ___ of a complementary MHCII molecule

what antibody is the first to see the infection?

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE?

___ is A theory that explains how the immune system responds to the million of different foreign antigens it encounters in a highly specific way

t/f each animal generates perhaps a million different lymphocytes

millions of different B-cells
----protein antigen--->
a few hundred B-cells are stimulated
------->
A few hundred different antibodies are produced

Each antibody recongnizes a particular ___

Heavy Chain variablility:

____(#) variable region segments

Heavy chain variability :

___ (#) diversity region

Heavy chain variabliity:

___(#) joining segments

Heavy chain variability:

___(#) constant regions

___ is induced unresponsiveness to certain antigens
-clonal anergy an danergized cells

by producing antibodies in segments, you can create ___

what are the two mechanisms in which immediate destruction of donated blood with preexisting antibodies to foreign blood group occurs?

what are three things that can result from a blood transfusion that was not a compatable blood type with the recipient?

Rh positive individuals have Rh antigen on their ____ while Rh- individuals do not

____ aka anti-Rh serum
-destroys any fetal RBC that may have entered the body
-sensitization of the mother does not occur and subsequent pregnancies are safer

what antibody attacks the baby b/c it can pass placenta

___ is antibodies agglutinate cells, and complement ruptures them

___ is A theory that explains how the immune system responds to the million of different foreign antigens it encounters in a highly specific way

t/f each animal generates perhaps a million different lymphocytes