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27 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What is the average generation time for bacteria?
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Average generation time for bacteria is 20 minutes – that means the cell population will double every twenty minutes.
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Bacterial cells divide by means of Binary Fission- Summarize the steps.
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What happens to growth synthesis once glucose is exhausted?
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Bacterial growth that have conditions other than optimum are?
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Bacteriostatic
Conditions other than optimum are bacteriostatic |
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Define Bactericidal
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Bactericidal
Conditions beyond minimum or maximum are bactericidal - growth cannot occur |
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Summarize minimum optimum and maximum growth rates.
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Define OSMOSIS.
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Osmosis: net movement of water from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration across a membrane which is more permeable to water than to the solute molecules
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Describe a hypotonic cell.
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Summarize Hypertonic cells.
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Summarize isotonic cells/conditions.
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Which cells are very subceptible to Lysozyme – digests disaccharide in peptidoglycan and Penicillin – inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan?
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G + cells because of the inhibition of peptidoglycen ruptures the cell since structural integrity is compromised.
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Summarize the optimum temperatures of the following Psychrophiles, psychotrophs, mesophiles, thermophiles, hyperthermophiles.
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Which type of bacteria prefer human factors for optimum conditions for growth?
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mesophiles @ 25-40 degrees
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Summarize the zones of bacterial growth in food from negative 30 to 130 degrees celsius.
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Which type of organisms grow in the optimum conditions of a refrigerator.
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Psychrotrophs: common spoilage organisms; grow at refrigerator temperatures
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Bacteria are classified by their oxygen reaction: required, tolerated or toxic. Summarize Aerobes, Anaerobes, and Aerobes.
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Summarize Molecular Oxygen and why they are dangerous to cells.
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Molecular oxygen (O2) is highly reactive & toxic to cells
Cells must possess detoxifying enzymes to neutralize the free radicals O2- + 2H+ ----SOD---> H2O2 superoxide dismutase H202 = Hydrogen Peroxide |
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What enzymes do cells utilize to neutralize Hydrogen Peroxide (H202)?
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What is In Vitro?
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In vitro Cultivation of Bacteria
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Summarize Medium and its varietes.
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Medium starts sterile. The Medium is used to help cultivate growth in bacterium.
1) Complex medium (NA or NB) = extracts of yeasts, meat, or plants and essential nutrients; additional growth factors added as per species 2) Selective medium Vary pH, salinity, nutrients, etc. 3) Differential medium Due to differential uptake of dyes |
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Summarize Inoculum.
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Inoculum: microbes intentionally introduced into medium and thus inocculated.
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What is Biosynthetic capacity?
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Biosynthetic capacity of the species and purpose for cultivation determines the medium used or how well a bacteria self sufficiently provides for itself.
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Summarize incubation.
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Incubation: period of growth under controlled conditions
Temperature Atmosphere |
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What is a pure culture?
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Pure culture:
contains only one species or strain every cell is descended from a single CFU Colony or colony forming unit (CFU): population of cells arising from a single cell |
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What is confluent growth?
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Growth usually found on a plate that has several clusters of bacteria that occurs in the 1st and 2nd streak in order to isolate colonies.
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What number do scientists determine to be statistically reliable and countable plates (in CFU's)?
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if a plate contains around 30-300 isolated colonies then scientists consider that to be
Statistically reliable and countable plates: 30-300 CFUs |
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How can you determine a rough count of the orginal inoculum when counting isolated colonies?
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1) Count the number of isolated colonies.
2) Factor in the ratio of dilution i.e. if ratio of dilution was 1:1000 and you counted 200 colonoies. Multiply 200 X 1000 = a rough estimate of original inoculum (please clarify this method with Dr.Bloom) |
