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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two diseases transmitted by inhalation fo asexual spores?
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coccidiomycosis and histoplasmosis
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treatment for superficial candidal infection? for systemic?
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nystatin; amphotericin B
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Southwestern US, valley fever
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coccidiomycosis
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Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
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histoplasmosis
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rural Latin America
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paracoccidiomycosis
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bird or bat droppings; intracellular (tiny yeast inside macrophages)
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histoplasmosis
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Captain's wheel appearance
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paracoccidiomycosis
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states east of Mississippi River and Central America
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blastomycosis
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big, broad-based budding
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blastomycosis
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dimorphic fungi
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mold in soil; yeast in tissue
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on what do you culture fungi?
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Sabouraud's agar
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systemic mycoses can mimic what?
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TB (granuloma formation)
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what is cocidiomycosis in tissue?
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spherule
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treatments for mycoses?
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fluconazole or ketoconazole for local infection; ampho B for systemic infection
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what causes tinea versicolor?
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malassezia furfur
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hypopigmented skin lesions in hot, humid weather
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tinea versicolor
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treatment for tinea versicolor?
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topical miconazole, selenium sulfide
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what does cladosporium werneckii cause?
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tinea nigra
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infection of keratinized layer of skin; appears as brownish spot
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tinea nigra
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treatment for tinea nigra?
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salicylic acid
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pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring, caused by dermatophytes
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tinea pedis/cruris/corporis/capitis
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mold hyphae in KOH prep, not dimorphic
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tinea pedis/cruris/corporis/capitis
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mold with septate hyphae that branch at a V-shaped (45 degree) angle
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aspergillus
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culture on Sabourauds' agar, stains with India ink?
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cryptococcus neoformans
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heavily encapsulated yeast, not dimorphic, found in soil & pigeon droppings
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cryptococcus
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fungus ball
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aspergillus
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mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (>90 degrees)
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mucor and rhizopus
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in what type of patients is mucormycosis typically seen?
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ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients
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fungi proliferate in walls of blood vessels and cause infarction of distal tissue; rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
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mucor and rhizopus
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yeast that causes diffuse interstitial pneumonia
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pneumocystis cainii
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how do you diagnose PCP?
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lung biopsy or lavage
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methenamine silver stain of lung tissue identifies what?
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pneumocystis carinii
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treatmetn for PCP?
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TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
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dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation
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sporothrix schenckii
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cigar-shaped budding yeast visible in pus
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sporothrix schenckii
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treatment for sporothrix schenckii?
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itraconazole or potassium iodide
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bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ pain?
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entamoeba histolytica
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severe diarrhea in AIDS, mild disease (watery diarrhea) in non-HIV
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cryptosporidium
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brain abscess in HIV, brain defects (ring-enhancing lesions)
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toxoplasma
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foul smelling, greenish discharge; itching and burning
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trichomonas vaginalis
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dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus
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trypanosoma cruzi (Chags' disease)
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African sleepign sickness
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trypanosoma gambinse, rhodesiense
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visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
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leishmania donovani
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rapidly fatal menigoencephalitis; swimming in freshwater lakes
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naegleria
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appears as maltese cross on blood smear
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babesia
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trophozoites on wet mount
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trichomonas vaginalis
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cysts on acid-fast stain
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cryptosporidium
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trophozoites or cysts in stool (2)
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giardia, entamoeba
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transmission of entamoeba, giradia, cryptosporidium?
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cysts in water
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transmission of toxoplasma?
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cysts in meat or cat feces
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transmission of babesia?
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ixodes tick
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transmission of leishmania?
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sandfly
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transmission of african sleeping sickness?
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tsetse fly
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undercooked pork tapeworm; larvae cause mass lesions in brain, cysticercosis
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taenia solium (tapeworm/cestode)
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eggs in dog feces when ingested can cause cysts in liver; causes anaphylaxis if antigens are released from cysts
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echinococcus granulosus (cestode/tapeworm)
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snails are host; cercariae penetrate skin of humans; causes granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation of the spleen and liver
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schistosoma (trematode/fluke)
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undercooked fish; causes inflammation of the biliary tract
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clonorchis sinensis (trematode/fluke)
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undercooked crab meat; causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lung
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paragonimus westermani (trematode/fluke)
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larvae penetrate skin of feet; intestinal infection can cause anemia
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ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)
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eggs are visible in feces; intestinal infection
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asarcis lumbicoides (giant roundworm)
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food contaminated with eggs; intestinal infection; causes anal pruritis
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enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
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larvae in soil penetrate the skin; intestinal infection
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strongyloides stercoralis
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undercooked meat, usually pork; inflammation of muscle, periorbital edema
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trichinella spiralis
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in drinking water; skin inflammation and ulceration
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dracunculus medinensis
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transmitted by deer fly; causes swelling in skin (can see worm crawling in conjuctiva)
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loa loa
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transmitted by female blackflies; causes river blindness
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onchocera volvulus
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food contaminated with eggs; causes granulomas (if in retina leads to blindness) and visceral larva migrans
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toxocara canis
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female mosquito; causes blockage of lymphatic vessels (elephantiasis)
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wuchereria bancrofti
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parasite: brain cysts, seizures
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taenia solium
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parasite: liver cysts
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echinococcus granulosus
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parasite: B12 deficiency
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diphyllobothrium latum
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parasite: biliary tract disease
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clonorchis sinensis
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parasite: hemoptysis
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paragonimus westermani
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parasite: portal hypertension
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schistosoma mansoni
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parasite: hematuria, bladder cancer
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schistosoma haematobium
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parasite: microcytic anemia
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ancylostoma, necator
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parasite: perianal pruritis
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enterobius
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outbreaks after cleaning chicken coops or exploring caves
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histoplasmosis
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what type of fungus is cryptococcus?
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yeast, not dimorphic
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cauliflower skin lesions; broad based budding yeasts
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blastomyces
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how do you diagnose trichinella?
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muscle biopsy
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RMSF-type symptoms plus berry-like clusters (morulae) inside neutrophils?
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anaplsma phagocytophilium
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what causes human granulocytic erlichiosis?
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anaplasma phagocytophilium
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asarcis lumbricoides, clonorchis seinensis, and fascida hepatica can all cause what?
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bacterial cholangitis
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what types of milaria have dormant forms?
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p. vivax and p. ovale
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species of malaria that can cause severe (cerebral) disease?
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p. falciparum
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malaria drug to prevent relapse caused by p. vivax, p. ovale?
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primaquine
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