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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lymphocytes ____ attack our own cells normally
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do not
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clonal deletion happen during ____ ____
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embryo development
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all lymphocytes with "self" antigens are removed = ____ ____
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clonal deletion
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an ____ develops tolerance to itself
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organism
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end result for clonal deletion theory (____)
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repertoire
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you are born with a massive pool of ____ distinct, immature lymphocytes called ____
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genetically - clones
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clones protect you from ____ for the rest of your life
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pathogens
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lymphocytes circulate in the ____ organs
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lymphatic
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lymphocytes encounter ____ antigens
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invading
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only clones with matching ____ receptors bind
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surface
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selected clones ____ (multiply) & a ____ immune response is triggered
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proliferate - specific
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t-cells clones respond to ____ ____ in a similar way as the B-cells (selection, proliferation, etc)
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specific antigens
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characteristics of antigens are (small/large) ____, ____ proteins (mwt = 10,000)
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large - complex
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antigens are sometimes a ____/____/____proteins or a ____
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lipo/glyco/nucleo - polysaccharide
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antigens are located on the surface of all ____ & ____
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cells - viruses
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antigens are recognized by ____ ____ as "____-____"
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immune system - non-self
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MHC receptors vs ____ ____
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foreign markers
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each antigen is made by many ____
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epitopes
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epitopes/antigenic ____
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determinants
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haptens are ____ that are too ____ to elicit an immune response
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molecules - small
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haptens may bind to a ____ ____ (hapten-carrier phenomenon)
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plasma protein
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2 examples of haptens binding to plasma protein
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penicillin - household chemicals
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3 cells that work together in the humoral response
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macrophages - T-cells - B-cells
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in the humoral response, specific B-lymphocytic binds to ____ ____ receptors
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pathogen surface
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in the humoral response, B-cell clones are selected & ____
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activated
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in the humoral response, selected ____ rapidly divides (proliferate)
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B-cell
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in the humoral response, product cells mature into ____ cells & _____ B-cells
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plasma - memory
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in the humoral response, plasma cells ____ & release ____ (2000 ab per sec)
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synthesize - antibody
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during entrance & processing of antigens, macrophage/dendrite cell (APC) _____ pathogen
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phagocytizes
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during entrance & processing of antigens, processed antigen is presented on ____ sticky membrane surface complex with ____ 2
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APC's - MHC2
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during entrance & processing of antigens, interleukin 1 (il-1) is _____
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released
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during entrance & processing of antigens, helper T-cells recognize & bind to ____ antigens on ____ complex causing the release of ____
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foreign - MHC - interleukin 2
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during entrance & processing of antigens, the release of interleukin 2 causes the activation of ____ & proliferation of ____
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T-cells - B-cells
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during entrance & processing of antigens, most ____ require stimulation from T-cells
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B-cells
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antigens are processed by ____ ____ ____
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antigen presenting cell (APC)
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during processing of antigens, 3 cells involved with antigen presentation
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APC (antigen presenting self) - helper T cell - specific B or T cell
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during processing of antigens, 2 things that happen in antigen presentation with APC
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interleukin 1 comes & shouts → T helper cells come
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during processing of antigens, 2 things that happen in antigen presentation after helper T cells get there
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interleukin 2 comes & shouts → B cells come (plasma + memory B cells)
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plasma B cells are ____-lived
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short (days)
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memory B cells are ____-lived
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long (years)
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during processing of antigens, 2 things that happen in antigen presentation after specific B or T cell gets there
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selection + activation - cytokines
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____ cell aka ____ ____ ____, presents antigen to helper T cell
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dendritic - antigen presenting self
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memory B cells ensure a rapid immunological response to ____ (1st/2nd) exposure & not the ____ (1st/2nd)
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2nd - 1st
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