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28 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What is a mineral?
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A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a distinct internal structure and chemical composition.
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Define luster.
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The physical property of a mineral that describes how light is relected from its surface; is defined as either metallic or nonmetallic.
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What is cleavage?
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The physical property of a mineral that causes it to break along smooth, flat surfaces. Cleavage is determined by the arrangement of the mineral's atoms.
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What is streak?
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Streak is the color of the mineral when it is broken up and powdered.
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Define metallic.
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Shiny appearance resembling metal.
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What is a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched?
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It's hardness.
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What are minerals containing silicon and oxygen, usually with other elements called? They are the largest group of minerals.
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Silicates.
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How many known minerals are there?
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4000
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What do minerals that break with rough or jagged edges have?
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Fracture.
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What is a gem?
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A valuable mineral highly prized because it is rare and beautiful.
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What is ore?
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A mineral containing a useful substance, such as a metal, that can be mined for profit.
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What is a crystal?
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A solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.
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What five conditions must a substance meet to be a mineral?
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1. All minerals are formed by natural processes.
2. Minerals are inorganic. 3. They are all solids. 4. Every mineral is an element or compound with a chemical composition unique to that mineral. 5. The atoms in a mineral are arranged in a pattern that is repeated over and over again. |
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What properties in titanium make it useful in sports equipment and biomedical research?
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Durability, light weight and non toxic metal.
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Which two minerals are ores of titanium?
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Ilmenite and Rutile
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What is matter?
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
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What are atoms?
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The building blocks of matter.
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What makes up the nucleus of an atom?
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Protons and neutrons.
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What are isotopes?
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Atoms of the same element. They have the same atomic number, but differ in their number of neutrons.
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What is a substance made of two or more elements?
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A compound.
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What is a rock?
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A mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter.
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What includes all processess by which rocks form?
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The rock cycle
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What is magma?
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Molten material that hardens to form igneous rocks.
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What is the difference between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks?
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Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools BELOW the Earth's surface.
Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools AT OR NEAR the Earth's surface. |
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What rocks are dense, heavy and dark colored?
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Basaltic
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What rocks are light colored and less dense than basalts?
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Granitic
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What rocks are intermediate between basaltics and granitics?
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Andesitic
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What can cause metamorphic rocks to form?
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Increases in heat and pressure.
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