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15 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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evolution
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a heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next; the development of new types of organisms over time
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paleontology
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study of fossils (best known for dinosaurs)
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gradualism
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a model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity
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population
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a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreed
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homologous structure
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anatomical structures in one species that, compared to other anatomical structures in another species, originated from a single anatomical structure in a common ancestor of the two species
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analogous structure
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an anatomical structure in one species that is similar in function and appearance, but not in evolutioanry origin, to another anatomical structure in another species
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vestigial structure
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a structure in an organism that is reduced in size and function and that may have been complete and functional in the organism's ancestors
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phylogeny
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the evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group; the relationships by ancestry among species or other taxonomic groups
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taxonomy
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the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms.
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natural selection
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the process by which individuals that are etter adapted to their enviroment survive and reproduce more successfully do; a theory to explain the machanism of evolution
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disruptive selection
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a type of natural selection in which two extreme forms of a trait are selected
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stabilizing selection
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a type of natural selection in which the average form of a trait is favored and becomes more common
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directional selection
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a type of natural selection in which the most extreme form of a trait is favored and becomes more common
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artificial selection
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the selective breeding of organisms (by humans) for specific desirable traits
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variation
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any deviation from the norm
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