Musculoskeletal System

Malignant bone tumor

Bony growth arising from the surface of bone (ex-means out, -ostosis means condition of bone).

Traumatic breaking of a bone.
Examples of fractures:
Colles fracture -occurs near the wrist joint at the lower end of the radius.
comminuted fracture-bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces. A simple fracture means that a bone breaks in only one place and is therefore not comminuted.
compression fracture-Bone is compressed; often occurs in vertebrae.
greenstick fracture-bone is partially broken; it breaks on one surface and only bends on the other, as when a green stick breaks; occurs in children
impacted fracture-One fragment is drive firmly into the other.

Malignant tumor arising from bone (osteosarcoma). This is the most common type of malignant bone turmor. Osteoblast multiply forming large, bony tumors, especially at the end of long bones.

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone.

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection.

Decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone. This condition is also called osteopenia because the interior of bones is diminished.

Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus). a congenital anomaly (abnormal positioning of the fetus in the womb). Also known as clubfoot.

Inflammation of joints

Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine.

Inflammation and painful swelling of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.

Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs,)at articular surfaces.

Chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful. It is believed to be caused by an immune ) autoimmune) reaction against joint tissues, particularly against of synovial membrane.

Abnormal swelling of the medial aspect of the joint between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone.

Compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist (the carpal tunnel).

Displacement of a bone from its joint.

a fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist.

Abnormal protrusion of a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disk into the neural canal or spinal nerves.

A recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms.

Trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments.

Chronic Inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs.

A group of inherited disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system.

Chronic inflammatory myopathy

Detects and antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube.

Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Measurement of calcium level in serum

Measurement of an enzyme (creatine kinase) in serum

Measurement of uric acid in serum.

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space.

Process of taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into the joint.

Visual examination of the inside of a joint with an endoscope and television camera.

Low-energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to measure bone mass.

uptake of radioactive substance is measured in bone.

X-ray beam is used with a computer to provide cross-sectional images.

X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk)