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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fractures of the long bones most often cause this fracture complication.
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Compartment syndrome
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Visible collection of sodium urate crystals associated with gout
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Tophi
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One of the most common fx in adults
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Colle's
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Tapping over the inflamed median nerve of the wrist is called a positive _______.
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Tinel's sign
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Surgical fusion of a joint
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Arthrodesis
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Surgical fusion of a joint
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Arthrodesis
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Attacks of gout are prevented with this drug
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Allopurinol
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Disease whose most characteristic symptom is erythemia migraines
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Lyme
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________ is characterized by the classic butterfly rash over the bridge of the nose and across the cheeks.
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Systemic Lupus Erythemotasus
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Preferred method of treating intra and extrascapular hip fx
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Surgery
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Surgical procedure which uses a balloon and cement to repair compression fx of the vertebra
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Kyphoplasty
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_______ ocurs when a body cast is applied too tightly and the mesenteric artery is compressed against the duodenum
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Cast syndrome
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Pins, plates, rods, or screws which are inserted to realign bones
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skeletal traction
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Agrating sensation caused by loose particles of cartilage in joint cavity
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Crepitation
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Partial dislocation of a joint
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Subluxation
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Stiffness and fixation of a joint
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Anhylosis
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Main shaft of the bone
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diaphysis
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Incomplete fx with one side bent and the other side splintered
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Greenstick
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End product of purine metabolism
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Uric acid
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Crescent shaped piece of fibrocartilage in the knee
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Meniscus
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Syndrome which targets moisture producing glands
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Sjogren's
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A diet high in purines can trigger an attack of this problem
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Gout
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Inflammation of the big toe associated with gout
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Podagra
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Type of traction that uses tape, boots, and splints to help maintain bone alignment and reduce muscle spasms
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Skin
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Antimalarial drug useful in treating mild to moderate RA
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Plaquenil
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the most common form of joint disease in North America
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Osteoarthritis
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What are the early S&S of fat embolism?
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level of consciousness, change in oxygenation > respiratory distress, tachy, techina (fast resp), fever, petchia
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What are nursing interventions for fat embolism?
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give them O2, immbolization, fluids
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When does fat embolism occur
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Within 48 hours of fx
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What types of fx results in fat embolism?
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fx of long bones or trauma with lot of fx
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What is an early warning sign of compartment syndrome?
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Parasthesia (numbness and tingling)
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What are S&S of compartment syndrome?
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foot cold, weak or absent pulses, pain out of proportion to problem
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With a suspected compartment syndrome, what is the nurse's role?
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Call the MD
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What is the most common complication of trauma fx?
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DVT
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Who has the highest rate of DVT?
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elderly hip fx
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What do you do for a suspected DVT?
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limit movement of extremity, document pluses and calf circumference, document pedal edema
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What is teh worst infection?
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osteomyelitis
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How long is a pt on antibiotics for osteomyeletis?
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6 weeks
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What do you tell a pt with osteomyelitis?
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must remain still or else infection will spread
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If a pt has osteomyelitis, do they have a foley?
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IDK
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What is important to assess with a pt that has a broken leg at the distal end?
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neuros - can they feel sharp/dull, ROM, cap refill, 6 Ps
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Where do you check capillary refill on older pts?
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lips
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With a fx what type of white cell replication would you see? What's it called?
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Increased WBC, leukocytosis
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What is the normal white count?
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4,300-10,800
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What test signify inflammation?
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ESR and CRP
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What is a normal ESR?
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Male: up to 15
Female: up to 20 |
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What is a normal CRP?
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Below 1
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What are the 6 Ps?
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parathesia, pain , pressure, pallor, paralysis, pulselessness
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What do you do if there is bleeding under a cast?
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Mark the outline of it and call MD
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What do you do if there is a smell from a cast?
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Document and tell MD
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Which traction is higher risk of infection?
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Skeletal
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Which side of the body does the cane go on?
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Strong side
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How do you walk if you have a cane?
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put the cane first followed by the weak leg first
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What is the nursing interventions for an open amputation?
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watch for pulses, assess for pallor at the incision site, do not elevate a fresh stump because it causes contractures, turn pt prone at least 15 min per shift assess for bleeding, assess for infection
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What should the incision site on a freshly amputated part look like?
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red and warm
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What lab would you expect to be high with a bone growth?
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Alk phosphatase
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What type fracture is this?
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Avulsion
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What type of fx is this?
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Comminuted
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What type of fx is this?
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Displaced
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What type of fx is this?
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Greenstick
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What type of fx is this?
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Impacted
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What type of fx is this?
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Interarticular
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What type of fx is this?
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Longitudinal
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What type of fx is this?
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Oblique
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What type of fx is this?
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Pathalogic
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What type of fx is this?
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Spiral
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What type of fx is this?
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Stress
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What type of fx is this?
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Stress
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What type of fx is this?
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Transverse
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What are the 6 steps of fracture healing?
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Fracture hematoma, granulation tissue, callus formation, ossification, consolidation, and remodeling
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What is achilles tendonitits?
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pina in posterior leg when runnign or walking initially; can progress to pain at rest
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Antalgic gait
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staggering, uncoordinated gait often with sway
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Atrophy
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flabby appearance of muscle leading to decreased function and tone
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Boutoniere deformity
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Finger abnormality, flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint and hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint of hte fingers
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Festinating gait
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while walking, the neck trunk and knees flex while the body is rigid; delayed start with short quick shuffling steps; speed may increase as if patient is unable to stop
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Ganglion cyst
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small fluid filled bump or mass over a tendon sheath or joint usually on dorsal surface of wrist or foot
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Kyphosis
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Forward bending of thoracic spine, slight flexion of knees; exaggerated thoracic curvature
(Dowagers hump) |
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Lateral epicondylitis
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Dull ache along outer aspect of elbow, worsens with twisting and grasping motions
(Tennis elbow) |
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Lordosis
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Asymmetric scapulae and shoulders , exaggerated lumbar curvature (sway back)
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Myalgia
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general muscle tenderness and pain
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Pes planus
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Abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot
(Flat foot) |
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Scoliosis
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Asymmetric elevation of shoulders, scapulae, and illiac crests
(S-shaped spine) |
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Short-leg gait
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a limp, unless corrective footwear used
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Spastic gait
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Short steps with dragging of foot; jerky, uncoordinated, cross-knee movement
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Steppage gait
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increased hip and knees flexion in order to clear the foot from the floor; foot drop is evident, foot slaps down and along walking surface
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Swan neck deformity
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hyperextension of the PIP joint with flexion of the metacarpophalangeal and DIP joints of the fingers
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Tenosynovitis
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Superficial swelling, pain, and tenderness along a tendon sheath
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Torticollis
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Neck is twisted in unusual position to one side
(Wryneck) |
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Ulnar deviation
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Fingers drift to ulnar side of forearm
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Varum deformity
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When knees are apart and the medial maileoli are together, a space of more than 1 inch exists
(Bowlegs) |
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What vitamin aids in absorption of Ca?
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Vit D
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What is a noninvasive test where they measure bone density?
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DEXA
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How is a DEXA done?
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measure with a T score in the pelvis or the vertebrae
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What T score signifies osteoporosis?
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-2.5 and below
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What T score signifies osteopenia?
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-1 through -2.25
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Are they more aggressive with osteoporosis treatment or osteopenia?
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osteopenia
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What are primary causes of osteoporosis?
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hereditary, hormonal insufficiency, thin, white, female, smokers, immobility
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What are secondary causes of osteoporosis?
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corticosteroids, Dilantin, prednisone, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism,
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How do you treat secondary osteoporosis?
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treat the underlying cause
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When are your bones the strongest?
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20
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What can we do to prevent osteoporosis?
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weight baring exercises such as walking, curls with cans of soup
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