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41 Cards in this Set

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What were the subjects that attracted Romantic artist
Love. Nature. Death. Supernatural. Politics. History.
What group of people were the principal patrons of the arts in the 19th century
middle class
What Classical composer served as the principal inspiration to the Romantic generation?
Beethoven
What is Lied?
an art song for singer and piano- based on a text by a high quality German poet
What is a song cycle?
group of lieder that are interrelated
How did Franz Schubert change the German Lied in the early 19th century?
he changed the lied from entertainment to art
What is the term for an instrumentalist that is able to play extremely difficult music with
apparent ease?
virtuoso
Who was the main inspiration for Franz Liszt and other instrumental soloists of the 19th century?
Nicolo Paganini
Who played subtle, but difficult, music and was given the title, “poet of the piano”?
Fredreric Chopin
What is the term for a piano piece that is meant to exercise a particular element of a pianist’s technique?
Virtuosic showpiece
What is the term for a short piano work that focuses on a “characteristic” of a person, place, scene, etc.?
Character piece
What three types of piano music were new in the 19th century?
character piece. virtuosic showpiece. transcriptions
What does it mean when a musical work is programmatic?
music that has literary or pictorial association
What is the term for a single-movement orchestral work with a flexible form that is
programmatic?
symphonic poem
What is thematic transformation in music?
one main theme is transformed to a new state by the end of the work
In what modern country is the Moldau River located?
Bohemia
In what country did Smetana find the Moldau river theme?
Czechoslovakia
Who was the composer of the Symphony No. 21 in F# Minor on the PBA Symphony concert?
How many movements does it have?
Nikolia Myaskovsky, 4 movements
What was the term that the Soviet censors gave to a piece that they felt had no Communist “content”?
Formalist
What two things characterized the Communist view of the arts?
modern but accessible to workers and promote glory of the state
What were the three style characteristics of Shostakovich that can be heard in his Cello
Concerto?
Dissonant harmony. Disjunct melody. Polyphonic texture.
Who wrote Albinoni’s famous Adagio in G minor?
Remo Giazotto
Whose music was the height of Italian Romantic opera?
Giuseppe Verdi
What are the four distinct motivations in the quartet heard in Act III of Rigoletto?
Duke wants Maddalena.
Maddalena wants to reveal intent to those watching.
Gilda laments the dukes infidelity.
Rigoletto wants duke dead.
What was the name of Wagner’s great 4-opera music drama that offered Tolkein an inspiration
for Lord of the Rings?
The Ring of Nibelung
What was the main purpose for Wagner’s use of “endless melody”?
Not recitative, not aria but continuos melody that fits German.
What is the term for Wagner’s musical ideas (melodies, chords, etc) that were associated with a
person, people, idea, or thing. This eventually became the standard procedure for film music
composers.
Leit motif
What is chromaticism?
using notes and harmonies outside the key for intense emotion
What term, borrowed from a style of painting best describes Debussy’s music?
Impressionism
What are three ways that Debussy creates a colorful orchestral sound in his music?
harp. muted brass. woodwinds
Debussy achieves a sense of musical stasis partly through using what type of scales?
whole tone scale
How does Debussy use harmony in the Prelude to “The Afternoon of a Faun”?
"static" no progression of harmonies - extended harmonies
Who was the French choreographer that revolutionized the Russian ballet?
Marius Petipa
How did Tchaikovsky change the musical part of ballet?
Raised the music of ballet to the level of the dance
What label was given to Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring, due to its subject, insistent
rhythms, and harsh dissonances?
primitivism, barbaric
What is bi-tonality?
used of different keys at the same time
What is an ostinato?
short musical pattern that is repeated throughout work
Who is credited with inventing atonal music?
Arnold Schoenberg
What is the name of the system used to create atonal music?
the Twelve Tone Method
Which member of the 2nd Viennese School never wrote completely atonal works, but focused on
the expression of vocal lines?
Alban Berg
Which member of the 2nd Viennese School wrote very short works that also applied serial
patterns of instrumental tone color?
Anton Werbern