NCE-Human Growth and Development

1. Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson's stages are

A.psychometric
b. psychodiagnostic
c.psychopharmacological
d. psychosocial

2. In Freudian theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists:

A. emphasize the id
b. refute the concept of superego
c.believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior
d. are sometimes known as radical behaviorists.

3. Id is
Ego is
Superego is

4. The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was:
A. Erik Erikson
B. Milton Erikson
C. Brill
D. Piaget

5.The statement, "the ego is dependent on the id: would most likely reflect the work of
A. Erikson
B. Freud
C. Jay Haley
D. Arnold Lazerus, William Perry, and Robert Kegan

6.Jean Piaget's theory has 4 stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is

A. Formal operations, concrete operations, preoperation, sensorimotor

B. formal, pre, concrete, sensorimotor

C. sensorimotor, preop, concrete, formal

D. concrete op, sensorimotore, pre, formal

7. Some behavioral scientists have been critical of the Swiss Child psychologist Jean Piaget's dev't research inasmuch as:

A. he used the t-test too much
b. he failed to check for type 1 or alpha errors
c. he worked with minority children
d. his findings were often derived from observing his own children.

8. A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pithcer has less water. The child has not yet mastere:

A. symobolic schema
B. conservation
C. androgynous psychosocial issues
D. trust vs mistrust

9. A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as:

A. Formal operations 12+
B. concrete operations 7-11
c. preoperations 2-7
d. sensorimotor 0-2

10. _______expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development.

A. Erik Erikson
B. Lev Vygotsky
C. Kohlberg
D. Watson

11. Ages and concepts
Sensorimotor:
Preoperations:
Concrete op:
Formal Operations:

12. According to Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the 3rd stage known as concrete operations. This notion suggest that:
A. heavier objects are more difficult for a child to lift
B. the child is ambidexterious
c. the child is more cognizant of weight than mass
D. one can undo an action, and the object can return to its original shape

13. Lawrence Kohlberg suggested:
A. one level of morality
B. two levels of morality
C. 3 levels of morality
d. preoperational thought as the basis for all morality

14. The heinz story is to Kohlberg's theory as
A. a brick is to a house
B. Freud is to Jung
C. the Menninger clinic is to biofeedback
D. a typeing test is to the level of skill mastered.

15.The Heinz story

16. The term identity crisis coms from the work of

A. Erikson
B. Adler
C. Jung

17. Kohlberg's three levels of morality are
A. preconventional, conventional, postconventional
B. formal, preformal, self-accepted
C. self-accepted, other directed, authority directed

18. Preconventional:
Conventional:
Postconventional:

19. Trust vs Mistrust is
A. an adlerian notion of morality
B. Erikson's 1st stage of psychosocial development
C. essentially equivalent to Piaget's concept of egocentrism

20. A person who has succesfully mastered Erikson's 1st seven stages would be ready to enter:

A. generativity vs. stagnation
B. initiative vs guilt
C. identity crisis of the later years
D. integrity vs despair

21.The zone of proximal development
A. was pioneered by Vygotsky
B. was pioneered by Piaget and Kohlberg
C. emphasized organ inferiority
D. all of the above

22. Zone of proximal development is

23. John Bowlby's name was most closely associated with
A. Arnold Gessell
B. developmental stage theories
C. bonding and attachment

24. In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur?

A. generativity vs stagnation
B. integrity vs despair
C. both a and b
D. erikson doesn't address midlife crisis

25. Generativity means

26. The researcher who is well known for his research with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is
A. Harry Harlow
B. Bowlby
C. Kohlberg

27. The statement: Males are better than females when performing math is

A. false
B. true only in middle-aged men
C. true according to research by Maccoby and Janklin

28. The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is

A. all of the stages
B. generativity vs. stagnation 35-60
C. intimacy vs isolation 23-34
D. a critical factor Erikson fails to mention

29. A person who fails to do well in the intimacy vs isolation stage will conclude

A. that life is depressing
B. they can depend on no one but themselves
C. that they have not been productiv

30. Which individual would most likely conform to his or her peers?
A. 19 year old male college student
B. 23 year old male drummer in a band
C. 57 year old female stockbroker
D. 13 year old male middle school student

31. In Harry Harlow's experiments with baby monkeys

A. A wire mother was favored by most monkeys over the terry cloth version

B. The baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry cloth mother surrogate than a wire mother

C. female monkeys had a tendency to drink a lot of alcohol

32. Freud postulated psychosexual stages

A. id, ego, superego
B. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
C. eros, thanatos, regression, superego
D. manifest, latent, oral, and phallic

33. In adolescence

A. females commit more suicide than males
B.suicide is a concern but the stats say it is rare
C. males commit suicide more often than females, but feamles try more often

34. In the general population

A. the suicide rate is 2 per 100,000
B. suicide occurs at the beginning of a depressive episode but rarely after depression lifts

C. suicide rates increase with age

D. b and c

35. The fear of death

A. is greatest during middle age
B. is an almost exclusively male phenomenon
C. is the number one psychiatric problem in the geriatric years

36. In freudian theory, attachment is a major factor

A. in the preconscious mind
B. in the mind of the child in latency
C. which evolves primarily during the oral stage

37. When comparing girls to boys it could be noted that:

A. girls are using more feelings by age 2
B. girls are better able to read people wihtout verbal cues at any age
C. girls grow up to smile moer
D. all of the above

38. In terms of parenting young children

A. boys are punished more than girls
B. girls are punished more than boys
C. boys and girls are treated similar

39. Heredity
A. assumes that the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes
B. assumes that heredity characteristics are transmitted through chromosomes
C. assumes genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code
D. all of the above

40. Piaget's final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage

A. abstract thinking emerges
B. problems can be solved using deduction
C. a and b
D. the child has mastered abstract thinking but still feels helpless

41.Kohlberg lists ____stages of development which fall into ----categories

A. 6, 3
B. 3. 6
C. 3, 9
D. 1, 3

42. Kohlberg's stages and levels

Preconventional level 1. Punishment/obedience, naive hedonism

Conventional level: Good boy/good girl, authority, law, and order orientation

Post conventional Level
Social contract, Prinicples of self-conscience and universal ethics

43.Oedipus complex refers to _____ and Electra complex refers to _______.

44. The correct order of Fruedian psychosexual stages

A. oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
B. oral anal genital phallic latency
C oral, phallic, latency, genital, and anal

45.Gibson researched the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing:

A. Piaget's concept of conservation
B. Erikson's trust vs mistrust paradigm
C. a visual cliff
D. formal operations

46. At what age to humans show stranger anxiety:

A. 2 months
B. 8 months
C. 2 years

47. Empiricism

a. believe developmental changes can be measured
B. grew out of John Locke's philosophies
C. holds the view that experience is the source for acquiring knowledge.

48. The oppositie of empiricism that believes dev't is qualitiative is:

49. In Piaget's developmental theory, reflexes play the largest role in
A. the sensorimotor stage
B. formal operational stage
C. Oral stage

50. John Bowlby has asserted that

A. attachment is not instinctual
B. attachment is best explained via Skinnerian principles
C. conduct disorders and other forms of pyschopahtolgy can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood

51. The schema of permanency and constancy of objects occurs in the

A. sensorimotor stage-0-2
B. preoperational stage-2-7
C. concrete operational 7-12

52. Bowlby asserted that

A. attachment is not instinctual
B. attachment is best explained via Skinnerian prinicple
C. both a and b
D. conduct disorders and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood

53. An expert who has reviewed the literature on tv and violence would conclude that

A. watching violence tends to make children more aggressive
B. watching violence tends to make children less aggressive
C. in reality tv has no impact on a child's behavior

54. The word ethology which is often associated with Konrad Lorenz refers to
A. Piaget's famous case study methology
B. the study of animal's behavior in their natural environment
C. studies on monkeys raised in Skinnerian air cribs

55. Lorenz is known for:

56. A child who focuses solely on a clown's red nose but ignores his other futures is doing

A. egocentrism
B. centration
C. formal abstract thinking
D deductive process

57. Piaget's preoperational stage
A. is the final stage, which includes abstract reasoning
B. includes mastering conservation
C. includes the acquisition of a symbolic schema
D. all of the above

58. Stage theorists include

59. The tendency for adult females in the US to wear high heels is best explained by:

A. negative reinforcement
B. sex role socialization
C. Lorenz' studies on imprinting
D. ethological data

60. The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment best describes the work of :
Adler, Bowlby, or Erikson

61. A counselor who is seeing a 15 year old boy who is not doing well in public speaking would need to keep in mind that:

A. boys have better verbal skills than girls

B. girls have better verball skills

C. boys possess better visual perceptual skills and are more agressive

D. b and c

62.A preschool child's concept of causality is said to be animistic. This means the child attributes human characteristics to objects. This concept is best related to:

A. Carl Jung's concepts of anima, animus
B. Freud's wish fulfillment
C. Piaget's preoperational period 2-7

63. Elementary school counseling and guidance services

A. have been popular since the early 1900s
B. became popular during World War II
C. are a fairly new development which didn't begin to gain momentum until the 60s

3 reasons why elementary school counseling has not developed quickly

65. According to Yale researchy by Daniel Levinson

A. Erikson's generativity vs stagnation stage just doesn't exist

B. 80 percent of ment in the study expereinced moderate to severe midlife crisis

C. an age 30 crisis occurs in men when they feel it will soon be too late to make later changes

D. b and c

66. Erikson's middle age stag(35-60) is known as generativity vs. stagnation. Generativity means

A. the abiltiy to do creative work or raise a family

B. the opposite of stagnation

C. the productive ability to create a career, family, and leisure tiem

D. all of the above

67. A person who does not master generativity vs stagnation

A. becomes self-centered
B. feels uncreative
C. does not achieve civic responsilbity

68. A person who can look back on his/ her life with few regrets feels

A. the burden of senile psychosis

B. ego-integrity in Erikson's integrity vs despair stage
C. despair, the sense that they've wasted their life
D. generalized anxiety

69. Sensorimotor is to Piaget as oral is to Freud as ----- is to Erikson.

integrity vs despair, kohlberg, trust vs mistrust, play therapy

70. Which theorist was most concerned with maternal deprivation?
Lazarus, Harlow, Freud, Adler

71. Kohlberg proposed 3 levels of morality. Freud would say that morality developed from the

A. superego
B. ego
C. id
D. eros

72. Which theorist would most likely say that aggression is an inborn tendency?

Rogers, skinner, Frank Parsons, Lorenz

73. The statement, "Bad behavior is punished, good behavior is not" is most associated with:

A. Kohlberg's premoral stage at the preconventioanl level
B. Kohlberg's conventional level
C. Piaget's autonomous stage

74. Marital satisfaction

A. is usually highest when a child is old enough to leave home
B. decreases with parenthood and is lowest prior to a child leaving home
c. correlates with performance iq

75. To research the dilemma of self-actualization, Maslow

A. used goslings as did Lorenz
B. psychoanalyzed over 400 nuerotics
C. worked exclusively with schizophrenics
D. interviewed the best people he could find who escaped the psychology of the average

76. Piaget is
a maturationist
a behaviorist
a structuralist who believes stage changes are qualitative
cognitive behavioral

77. ------factors cause down's syndrom, which produces mental retardation:

environmental, genetic, chemical dependency, or unconsicous

78. Pku, Klinefelters' Turner's syndromes

79. There are behavioral, structural, and maturational theories on dev't. Maturationalists

A. Conduct therapy in the here and now
B. focus on nonverbals
C. believe groups are most effective
D. allow clients to work through early conflicts

80. Ritualistic behaviors which are common to all members of a species are known as:

A. hysteria
B. pica
C. fixed-action patterns elicited by stimuli
D. dysfunctional repetition

81. Robert Kegan speaks of a "holding environment" in counseling in which

A. the client is urged to relive a traumatic experience
B. biofeedback training is recommended
C. the client can make meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction
D. the activity of meaning making is discouraged.

82. Equilibration means:
A. equality between sexes
B. concrete operational thought
C. balance betweeen assimilation and accommodation

83. A counselor is working with a family who just lost everything in a fire. The counselor will ideally focus on

A. maslow's hierarchy
B. building accurate empathy of family members
C. Maslow's lower order needs such as physiological and safety
D. the identified patient

84. Maslow's pyramid:

A)Survival, security, safety, love, self-esteem, self-actualization

B. security, survival, safety, love, self-esteem, self-actualizaiton

85. The anal retentive personality is

A. charitable
B. stingy
C. kind
D. doesn't think about money

86. From a freudian perspective, a client who has a problem smoking would be
considered
A. an oral character
B. an anal character
C. fixated at the latency stage