NEETS module 22 ch2 & ch3

the components or tools of a computer system can be grouped into what two categories?
1. hardware and software
2. hardware and firmware
3. firmware and software
4. software and programs

what section/unit is the brain of a computer system?
1. control section
2. arithmetic-logic section
3. central processing unit
4. input unit

what section/unit is the computing center of a computer system?
1. arithmetic-logic section
2. central processing unit
3. control section
4. output unit

the central processing unit is made up of which of the following sections?
1. control and internal storage only
2. central and arithmetic-logic only
3. arithmetic-logic and internal storage only
4. control, internal storage, and arithmetic-logic

when a program is so large and complex that it exceeds the memory capacity of a stored-program computer, where is the overflow stored?
1. input storage area
2. output storage area
3. primary memory
4. auxiliary memory

what part of the computer dictates how and when each specific operation is to be performed?
1. control section
2. arithmetic-logic section
3. input storage area
4. output storage area

of the four major types of instructions, which one has the basic function of moving data from one location to another?
1. control
2. logic
3. arithmetic
4. transfer

to send commands to devices not under direct command of the control section, what type of instructions are used?
1. control
2. logic
3. arithmetic
4. transfer

operations like adding and mulitplying are performed by what section?
1. control-logic
2. storage-logic
3. arithmetic-logic
4. transfer-logic

when processing is taking place, data is transferred back and forth between what two sections?
1. control and internal storage
2. internal storage and arithmetic-logic
3. control and arithmetic
4. arithmetic and output

the process by which instructions and data are read into a computer is called what?
1. moving
2. storing
3. inputting
4. loading

an auxiliary (wired) memory is used in some computers to permanently store a small program that makes manual loading unnecessary. what is this program called?
1. operating system
2. bootstrap
3. word processing
4. graphics

the tiny doughnut-shaped rings used to make up magnetic core storage are made of what material?
1. aluminum
2. steel
3. tin
4. ferrite

data is stored in computers in what form?
1. binary
2. decimal
3. octal
4. hexadecimal

the state of each core in magnetic core storage is changed by what?
1. the amount of magnetism
2. the amount of current
3. the direction of magnetism
4. the direction of current

electronic circuits are placed on a silicon chip by what method?
1. a memory cell
2. drawn
3. etched
4. printed

each of the individual electronic circuits on a silicon chip is called what?
1. a memory cell
2. a bit cell
3. a byte cell
4. a holding cell

semiconductor storage has which of the following drawbacks?
1. it is too slow
2. it is expensive
3. it is volatile
4. it is unreliable

using a very thin crystal made of semiconductor material, what type of memory can be created?
1. bubble
2. magnetic core
3. semiconductor
4. capacitive

what kind of memory used inside computers has a read/write capability without any additional special equipment?
1. ROM
2. RAM
3. EPROM
4. PROM

a special device is needed to burn the program into what type of memory?
1. ROM
2. PROM
3. ERAM
4. RAM

designers were able to increase the data density of a disk by increasing the number of tracks. what code name was given to this technology?
1. computer
2. winchester
3. solid state
4. colt

to physically organize data on diskettes, what method is used?
1. records
2. cylinder
3. files
4. sector

in computer terminology, what is called a file?
1. a collection of tapes
2. a collection of disks
3. a collection of records
4. a collection of characters

output information is made available in how many forms?
1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four

what must you load into a computer to manage its resources and operations?
1. bootstrap program
2. word processor
3. graphics program
4. operating system

what program controls the execution of other programs according to job information?
1. an operating system
2. a bootstrap program
3. a word processor
4. a utility program

the simplest and most commonly used operating systems on microcomputers are which of the following types?
1. multiuser/single tasking
2. single user/single tasking
3. single user/ multitasking
4. multiuser/multitasking

which of the following programs must be compatible with the operating system in use?
1. CP/M-86
2. UNIX
3. applications
4. MS-DOS

to overcome the applications software compatibility problem, which of the following is done so the application can be run under several different operating systems?
1. some software comes in several versions
2. computers are designed to accept all applications software
3. software comes in a universal version
4. operating systems are changed to be compatible

what is another term for "initial program load"?
1. start
2. boot
3. kick
4. run

when the symbol A> is on the screen of a computer crt, it tells the operator/user which of the following information?
1. the system is not ready, and drive A is busy
2. the system is ready, and drive A is assigned as your secondary drive
3. the system is ready, and drive A is assigned as your primary drive
4. the system is activating, and no drive is available.

the three characters following each directory entry are called what?
1. files
2. records
3. locators
4. extensions

commands built into the operating system that control actions, like diskcopy and rename, are what type of commands?
1. independent
2. copy
3. spread
4. utility

to eliminate the need for programmers to write new programs when all they want to do is copy, print, or sort a data file, which of the following types of programs can be used?
1. word processor
2. graphics
3. utility
4. spreadsheet

what is the term given to arranging records in a redefined sequence or order?
1. sorting
2. merging
3. writing
4. shifting

on a computer, what is the sequence of characters called?
1. numerical sequence
2. collating sequence
3. random sequence
4. alphabetic sequence

to sort a data file, what must you tell the sort program?
1. how many characters are in the file
2. how many records are in the file
3. the length of the data file
4. the data field or fields to sort on

sort-merge programs usually have which of the following characteristics?
1. specific file length
2. specific run time
3. phases
4. names

what personnel or methods are used to generate programs to print detail and summary reports of data files?
1. programmers
2. operating systems
3. sort-merge programs
4. report program generators

what are report program generators designed to save?
1. run time
2. programming time
3. operator time
4. printer time

each time there is a control break, what does the program developed by the report program generator print?
1. input information
2. output information
3. summary information
4. programming information

a computer language that is a string of numbers which represents the instruction code and operand addresses is what type?
1. machine
2. printed
3. symbolic
4. procedure-oriented

mnemonic instruction codes and symbolic addresses were developed early in what decade?
1. 1940's
2. 1950's
3. 1960's
4. 1970's

compared to machine language coding, symbolic languages have which of the following advantages?
1. detail is reduced
2. fewer errors are made
3. less time is required to write a program
4. all of the above

an instruction that allows the programmer to write a single instruction which is equivalent to a specified sequence of machine instructions is what type of instruction?
1. machine language instruction
2. graphic language instruction
3. macroinstruction
4. scientific instruction

what does the acronym COBOL stand for?
1. computer ordered byte oriented language
2. computer ordered business oriented language
3. common business oriented language
4. common business ordered language

PASCAL is being used by many colleges and universities to teach programming for which of the following reasons?
1. it is fairly easy to learn and more powerful than BASIC
2. it is hard to learn and weaker than BASIC
3. it is easy to learn and cheaper than BASIC
4. it is a shorter course and produces better programmers

the development of Ada was initiated by what organization?
1. U.S. Navy
2. U.S. Army
3. U.S. Department of Defense
4. U.S. Department of Transportation

what are the two most familiar of the procedure-oriented languages used for scientific or mathematical problems?
1. PASCAL and FORTRAN
2. PASCAL and COBOL
3. COBOL and FORTRAN
4. BASIC and FORTRAN

compared with programs written in symbolic languages, programs written in procedure-oriented languages differ in which of the following ways?
1. the can only be used with small computers
2. they can only be used with large computers
3. they can only be used with the computer for which the program was written
4. they can be used with a number of different computer makes and models

compared with symbolic languages, procedure-oriented languages have which of the following disadvantages?
1. they require more space in memory, and they process data at a slower rate
2. they require more space in memory, and they process data too fast for some printers
3. they require a special memory, and they process data at a slower rate
4. they require a special memory, and they process data too fast for some printers

which of the following is a simple definition of programming?
1. the process of planning which computer system to use
2. the process of planning the computer solution to a problem
3. the process of planning the mathematical solution to a problem
4. the process of planning which computer program to use

which of the following is NOT a basic characteristic of a computer?
1. it needs commands
2. it needs specifically defined operations
3. it can think
4. it can understand instruction only in an acceptable form

how many fundamental and discrete steps are involved in solving a problem on a computer?
1. five
2. two
3. three
4. four