Neuro 12/podcasts/lab 4: Vasculature Flash Cards

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Title: Neuro 12/podcasts/lab 4: Vasculature
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Number of Cards: 43
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Author: kfox38
Created: 2012-01-25
Tags: neuro
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • the MCA and ACA are branches of
    • internal carotid, note posterior communicating and anterior choroidal are also branches
    • the PICA is a branch of
    • vertebral artery
    • Name three branches of the basilar artery
    • 1. superior cerebellar 2. Pontine 3. AICA
    • How are the four parts of the internal carotid artery defined
    • c1=cervical (bifucation to canal), C2= petrous (w/in canal) C3=Cavernous (within cavernous sinus), C4=supraclinoid (piereces dura mater)
    • The opthalmic arteries which supply the orbits and optic nn. are branches of
    • internal carotid, note posterior communicating and anterior choroidal are also branches
    • In which brain structure would you find that ACA's
    • within the longitudinal (saggital) fissure
    • Name two terminal branches of the ACA's
    • callosalmarginal and pericallosal
    • List the brain structures supplied by the ACA's
    • cingulate gyrus, optic chiasm, MEDIAL aspects of frontal and parietal lobes including the motor and senosry areas of the lower limbs (pre and post central gyri)
    • What are the signs and sxs of an ACA infarct? Which areas are affected that lead theses s/s?
    • 1. behavioral change (frontal lobe, medial aspect) 2. Contralateral leg and foot weakness (precentral gyrus, primary motor cortex) 3. Contralateral leg and foot sensory loss (post central gyrus, primary sensory cortex)
    • A patient demonstrating right leg and foot weakness and senosry loss is most likely experiencing an infarction of which cerebral artery
    • Left ACA
    • In which brain structure would you find the MCA's
    • lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)
    • What structures are supplied by the superior divisions of the MCA's
    • LATERAL frontal lobe, anterior parietal lobe
    • What strutures are supplied by the inferior divisions of the MCA's
    • medial and lateral temporal lobe, temporal pole, posterior portions of the parietal lobe
    • What are the signs and sxs of a right superior MCA infarct
    • weakness and or sensory loss of left face/hand/arm/trunk
    • What are the signs and sxs of a right inferior MCA infarct
    • sensory loss from left face/hand/arm, left hemineglect (parietal lobe)
    • How do the signs and sxs of an MCA infarct differ from superior to inferior (ignore side differences)
    • a superior infarct will have both weakenss and sensory loss (frontal and parietal) whereas an inferior infarct will have only sensory loss(parietal/temporal), both include the face/hand/arm but the superiors also include the trunk.
    • What are the signs and sxs of a left superior MCA infarct
    • weakness and sensory lost of right face/hand/arm/trunk, Broca's aphasia (non-fluent speech, left posterior inferior frontal gyrus)
    • What are the signs and sxs of a left inferior MCA infarct
    • sensory loss from right face/hand/arm, Wernicke's aphasia (inability to understand speech (posterior superior temporal gyrus)
    • the vertebral arteries are brances of
    • subclavian
    • describe the areas supplied by the anterior and posterial spinal arteries which are branches off the vertebral arteries
    • anterior= ant 2/3 of spinal cord, posterior= post. 1/3 of spinal cord
    • Which areas are supplied by the PICA, a branch off the vertebral ateries
    • inferior cerebellum, lateral-rostral medulla, choriod plexus of 4th ventricle
    • Which areas are supplied by the AICA's, branches off the basilar artery
    • cerebellu, lateral-caudal pons
    • The labyrinthine arteries and pontine arteries are brances of
    • basilar
    • The PCAs supply
    • medial and inferior surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes thalamus, globus pallidus
    • Signs and sxs of a PCA infarct include
    • visual field defects (occipital lobe), contralateral hemipresis/ hemianesthesia if the thalamus and internal capsule are affected
    • which cells are most responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier
    • endothelial cells lining the microvasculature of the brain, form a barrier between circulation and ISF
    • What unique features of the endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier support their function
    • complex tight junctions, lack of pinocytic vesicles
    • T/F paracellular aqueous transport is a significant source of movement across the blood brain barrier
    • false, this type of movement is severly limited by the endothelial cell tight juctions
    • What types of substances can cross the BBB via the transcellular lipophilic pathway
    • O2, CO2, ethanol, barbiturates
    • list three methods that can be used to move non-freely difffusible substances across the BBB. Give an example of a substance transported by each pathway
    • 1.Transport proteins (glucose, AA's, waste) 2. Receptor-mediated endocytosis (insulin, transferrin) 3. Adsorptive transcytosis (plasma proteins e.g. albumin)
    • List four "mechanisms" of breakdown of the BBB
    • 1. down regulation of tight junction proteins 2. destruction of basal lamina surronding capilaries 3. dysregulation of transporter proteins 4. aberrant secretions from astroycytes
    • Give some examples of circumventricular organs that lack the BBB
    • tumors, pinneal gland, subfornicular organ, vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, median eminence (part of hypothalamus that monitors [hormones]
    • Give some examples of diseases that can destroy the BBB
    • storke, trauma, infection, inflammation, MS, HIV, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Epilepsy, tumors, pain
    • Describe the superficial/ external veins of the cerebrum. (Superior, Middle, Inferior) Where are they located? Where do they drain? Anastomoses?
    • 1.Superior Cerebral => Superior Saggital Sinus
      2. Middle Cerebral (in lateral fissure)=> Cavernous sinus
      3a. Inferior Cerebral orbital=> SSS
      3b. Inferior cerebral temporal=> cavernous sinus via middle cerebral

      Anastomoses connect the superficail middle cereral veins to a sinus
      1. superiorly= Trolard MCV to Superior saggital
      2. inferiorly= Labbe MCV to transverse sinus
    • Describe the basal veins. What do they drain, where do they drain?
    • Formed by anterior cerebral and deep middle cerebral drainng the medial cerebral heisphers and the insula/ surrounding gyri respectively.
    • What forms the great cerebral vein of galen? What does it drain? Where does it drain?
    • Formed by the R. and L. internal cerebral draining the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres, drains into the straight sinus
    • The ACA's and MCA"s both supply the frontal and parietal lobes. What specific areas do they supply?
    • ACA=medial (runs through longitudinal fissure, MCA-lateral (runs through lateral sulcus)
    • The oculomotor nerve emerges between two vessels. name the vessels and their relationship to the vessel
    • CN III crosses above the superior cerebellar artery and goes under the posterior cerebellar artery (careful w/ brain spatial terms and location, CNIII runs between the two vessels, the SCA more closer to the brainstem, the PCA is higher up)
    • The pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries are branches of the ACA. Which sulci do they lye in?
    • callosalmarginal= cingulate sulcus, pericallosal= callossal sulcus
    • which vessel supplies the lateral surace of the cerebrum including the primary motor and sensory cortices
    • MCA
    • The AICA, a branch of the basilar artery is located near which cranial nerve
    • CN VI, abducent
    • rupture of a cerebral artery due to a berry aneurysm leads to what type of hemorrhage
    • subarachnoid, all of the cerebral vasculature is located underneath the arachnoid mater, (contrast to an epidural hematoma caused by a rupture in the middle meningeal artery above the dural or a subdural hematoma (between the dura and arachnoid caused by tearing of the bridging veins that drain from the surface of the brain to the dural sinuses )
    • A stroke that affects the internal capsule is particularly devastating because the internal capsule is the route by which the cerebral cortex communicates with other parts of the brain. The internal capsule is supplied by small arteries that branch from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and penetrate deeper structures within the brain. Name these arteries
    • lenticulostriate