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30 Cards in this Set

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which MN's are the regular ones that innervate skeletal muscle?
alpha MN's
gamma MN's ~
intrafusals of muscle spindles
organization of MN's in SC:

more Medial ~

more Lateral ~

ventral ~

dorsal ~
trunk;

digits;

extensors;

flexors
spinal cord segements and muscles:

Cervical ~

Thoracic ~

Lumbar ~
shoulders/arms;

trunk;

hips/legs
Slow Oxidative muscle fibers ~
posture
smallest MN's are activated
first
temporal summation ~
the same neuron
golgi tendon organs respond to
excessive force
myotatic reflex =
how a muscle automatically contracts in response to being stretched

- mediated by muscle spindles

- beer being poured in, for example
Reciprocal Inhibition =
relaxation of antagonists during myotatic reflex (beer glass)

(or some other movement of agonists, so that they are unopposed)
Reverse Myotatic reflex =
activation of antagonists that => inhibition of agonists, when agonist are producing too much force

- mediated by GTO's
flexion and crossed extension reflex =
1. flexion to pull away from noxious stimulus

2. activation of contralateral extensors

3. inhibition of contralateral flexors
central pattern generators in the SC can generate motor rhythms like walking, *without*
descending cortical input
4 characteristics of voluntary actions:
1. require cortex

2. performance of specific task at hand

3. improve with practice

4. can be generated on a whim
2 characteristics of reflexes:
1. same every time

2. only occurs in response to stimulus
reticulospinal tract ~~
advance postural adjustment, in anticipation of limb movement
upper MN lesion =>
inc. tone,

spasticity
lower MN lesion =>
muscle atrophy,

fasciculations,

weakness
MN's can take over parts of the cortex not being
used anymore
Cerebellum cell types:

(2)
1. Purkinje

2. granule (which form parallel fibers)
the Reticular Formation is responsible for:

(3)
1. RAS

2. certain reflexes

3. motor to flexors/extensors
the rostrol RF ~
the diffuse modulatory systems

- SER, H, NOR, ACH
"diffuse" ~
broad influence; one neuron acts on many
the SNS postganglionic neurons are ______ ___ the CNS ganglia
CLOSE TO
ParaNS postganglionic neurons are close to
their targets
SNS characteristics:

(3)
1. long postganglionic fibers

2. many dendrites

3. used for 4 F's
SNS is solely responsible for:

(3)
1. sweat glands

2. adrenal

3. blood vessels
important parts of the ANS system:

(2)
1. solitary nucleus (central sensory)

2. hypothalamus
ACH + nicotinic receptor =>
inc. EPSP's => AP
**ACH is used preganglionically w/ BOTH __________________, and then again with _______, postganglionically**
ParaNS and SNS;

ParaNS


(EPI is used for postganglionic neurons in SNS)