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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the Nissl substance and which areas of the neuron is it absent from
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the nissl substance is stacked rough endoplasmic reticulum, it is a sign of active protein synthesis, this is absent from the axon hillock
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how does the structure of chromatin differ in neurons vs. glial cells
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neurons have a greater proportion of active euchromatin, glial cells havemore heterochormatin
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which type of neurons are most commonly bipolar
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olfactory, retina
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what type of neurons are sensory ganglion neurons
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unipolar or pseudounipolar
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Multipolar neurons are the most common, give three examples of neurons that have this structure
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pyramidal neruons of cerebral cortex, purkinje cells of cerebellum motor neurons of spinal cord
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How are neurons classified based on length
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Golgi type I= long, projeciton neuron, Golgi II=short, interneuron
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how do dendrites and axons differ in terms of number of extensions from cell body
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dendrites can be single or multiple extensions, the axon is a single extension from the cell body or dendrite
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How do axons and dendrites differ in terms of which organelles they contain
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Dendrites have more organelles than axons. Dendrites do not have golgi apparatuses, axons do not have golgi, RER, or ribosomes
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How do axons and dendrites differ in terms of the shape of the extension
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dendrites-taper in proximo-distal direction, can branch, contain spines
axons-trunk stays cylindrical, can branch, terminals enlarge to form boutons that contain synaptic vesciles, varicosities can occur along the trunk for en passant synapses |
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how do dendrites and axons differ in terms of myelination
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Dendrites are almost never mylinated, axons can be either
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How do dendrites and axons differ in terms of propagation of signal
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dendrites-respond with graded depolarization or hyperpolarization that decremetns spatially and temporally, some can generate action potentials, axons-APs are generated and the hillock and propagageted along the trunk then transmitted at the terminal
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How do dendrites and axons differ in terms of energy consumption
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The dendrites are the major energy consuming portion of the neuron, energy consumption is low in the axon trunk, variable in the terminal
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What three types of filaments are found in the neuron cytoskeleton
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microfilaments, neurofilaments (specialized IF), microtubules
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What is the role of microfilaments in the neuron cytoskeleton
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maintains and changes cell shpae
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what is the role of neurofilaments in the neuron cytoskeleton
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neuron specific Intermediate filaments, provide support and structure note that neurofibrillary tangles made of these are characteristic of alzheimer's
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what is the role of microtubules in neruons
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Found bundles with cross bridges at the initial segemetns of axons, important in axonal and dendritic transport, MAPS anhcor microtubules and stabilize their structure/ regulate polymerization
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what is lipofuscin?
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"indigestible" lysosomal material within neurons, associated with aging and dementia
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Which direction does slow axonal transport move
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anterograde from cell body to synapse
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What are the two components of slow axonal transport (axoplasmic flow) and what do they transport
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slow-components of microtubuels and neurofilaments, soluble proteins
Fast-complex mixture of proteins like actin, metabolic enzymes, calmodulin |
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Describe ast anterograde transport (energy, mechanism)
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Requires cellular energy, uses kinesin to propel organelles or vesicles along the microtubuels towrards the plus end at the synapse.
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Describe fast retrograde axonal transport (mechanism, direction)
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Uses dynein and ATP to propel materials along MT back towards the cell body (minus end), note that toxins and microorganisms can be transported to the cell body by this mechanism as well
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Describe dendritic transport
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used to transport materials from cell body todendrites (anterograde)
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Which molecular motor must be used to transport substances quickly toward the synapse
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kinesin
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Which molecular motor must be used transport substances quickly back towrds the cell body from the axon
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dynein
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