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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two general categories of brain injury
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congenital aquired
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what are the two tyeps of TBI
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blunt/ closed, penetrating/open
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TBI's are classified as primary and secondary. what's the difference
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primary-the injury is complete at impact (skull fracture, contusion, hematoma, hemorrhage, diffuse axonal, coup-contra-coup); secondary-the injury evolves as a result of the primary injury (swelling, ICP, infection, epilepsy, hypoxemia, BP, hypoxia)
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what factors are used to describe the severity of TBI
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mild, moderate, server, depends on GSK, loss of consciousness, and post-traumatic amnesia
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groups at high risk for TBI include
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males 15-24 y/o, substance abusers, infants (abuse), elderly, prior brain injury
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COnsequences of TBI
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executive control fxns, psycosocial issues, physical abilities
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Describe the acute, sub-acute, and chronic Tx of TBI
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acute-stablize, sub-acute-rehab and return to community, chronic-rehab and long term care
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post TBI evaulation shoudl inculde
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physical exam and Hx, Neuro/ psych testing, brain imaging
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Consequences of CNS injury at the cellular level include
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neuronal/ axonal information, demyelination, astrocyte activation and scar formation, microglia activation
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when can axons regenerate
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the axon must be in the PNS only. The cell body can be in either the CNS or PNS
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t/f cell bodies can regenerate
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false, peripheral axons only
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list some examples of primary and secondary SCI trauma
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primary-vetebral displacement, concussive/contusive/ shearing/ streching forces,vascular rupture, ischemia. Secondary-membrane-associated events, vascular events, inflammation, biochemical events
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intervention strategies for SCI includte
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limit initial degrenation, tx inflammation, stimulate axonal growth and regeneation, block endogenous inhibition of regeneation, supply new cells , surgical techniques, mechanical intervention
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what is the difference between a complete and incomplete SCI
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graded on ASIA score, complete=no sensory or motor function in lower sacral/anal area, incomplete ASIA B-E some sensory and/ or motor function; 50% of SCI are complete but rarely due to complete transection, usually contusion or vascular injury
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