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48 Cards in this Set

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neuron type A-(alpha):
receptors
sensory modulation
muscle spindle, golgi tendon
proprioception
neuron type A-(beta):
receptors
sensory modulation
muscle spindle- proprioception
meissner's corpuscle- superficial touch
merkel's receptor- superficial touch
Pacinian corpuscle- beep touch, vibration
ruffini ending- deep touch, vibration
hair receptor- touch, vibration
neuron type A-(delta):
receptors
sensory modulation
bare nerve ending- pain, temp(cool), itch
neuron type C:
receptors
sensory modulation
bare nerve ending (unmyelinated)- pain, temp, itch
where do smaller and unmyelinated axons carrying info abt pain and temp first synapse in the spinal cord
marginal zone (lamina I)
lamina V
where does spinoreticular tract terminate
medullary-pontine reticulus
where does spinomesencephalic tract terminate
midbrain periaqueductal gray and superior colliculi
where does spinothalmic and spinomesencephalic tracts arise from
spinal cord lamiane I and V
where does spinoreticular tract arise from
lamina 6 through 8
what does spinomesencephalic tract do
modulate pain (makes it fell better)
what soes spinothalmic and spinoreticular tract do
makes you feel pain
where is brodmans's area located
superior parietal lobule
what is gate controlled theory
sensory input from A-(beta) fibers reduce pain transmission through dorsal horn
how does preaqueductal gray relieves pain
recieves input from the hypothalamus, amygdala and cortex and inhibits pain transmission with a relay in region at the pontomedullary junction called rostral ventral medulla (RVM)
what does rostral ventral medulla (RVM) do
sends inputs mediated by the substance P to locus ceruleus which in turn sends noradrenergic projections to modulate pain in the spinal cord dorsal horn
what are the groups thalamus is split into
anterior group
lateral group
medial group
ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL):
input
output
function
in- medial lemniscus, spinothalmic tract
out- somatosensory cortex
function- somatosensory inputs to cortex
ventral posterior nucleus (VPM):
input
output
function
in- trigeminal lemniscus, trigeminothalmic tract, taste inputs
out- somatosensory cortex and taste
fucntion- somatosensory cranial nerve inputs and taste to cortex
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN):
input
output
function
in- retina
out- primary visual cortex
finction- visual input to cortex
Medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
in- inferior colliculus
out- primary auditory cortex
finciton- auditory input to cortex
ventral lateral nucleus (VL):
input
output
function
in- internal globus, deep cerebellar nuclei, substantia nigra, pars reticularis
out- motor, pre-motor, and supplementary motor cortex
function- relays basal ganglia and cerebellar input to cortex
Pulvinar:
input
output
function
in- tectum
out- widespread to frontal lobe, including prefrontal, premotor, motor, supplementary motor cortex
function- relays basal ganglia and cerebellar inputs to cortex
lateral dorsal nucleus:
input
output
function
in- same as anterior nucleus
out- none
function- anterior nucleus
lateral posterior nucleus:
input
output
function
in- see pulvinar
out- none
function- functions with pulvinar
ventral medial nucleus:
input
output
function
in- midbrain reticular formation
out- wide spread to cortex
function- may help maintain alert, conscious state
Medial nucleus (MD):
input
output
function
in- amygdala, olfactory cortex, limbic basal ganglia
out- frontal cortex
function- limbic pathways, major relay to frontal cortex
anterior nucleus:
input
output
function
in- mamillary body, hippocampal formation
out- cingulate gyrus
function- limbic pathway
midline thalamic nuclei:
input
output
function
in- hypothalamus, basal forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus
out- amygdala, hippocampus, limbic cortex
function- limbic pathways
rostral interlaminar nuclei:
input
output
function
in- deep cerebellar nuclei, globus pallidus, brain stem ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
out- cerebral cortex, striatum
function- maintain alert consciousness; motor relay for basal ganglia and cerebellum
caudal intralaminar nucleus, centromedian nucleus:
input
output
function
in- globus pallidus, ARAS, sensory pathways
out- striatum, cerebral cortex
function- motor relay for basal ganglia
reticular nucleus:
input
output
function
in- all the thalamic nuclei
out- all the thalamic nuceli
finction- regulates state of other thalamic nuclei
define prasthesias
abnormal positive sensory phenomena
what can cause parashesias
lesion to somato sensory tracts
lesions in posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway symptoms are
tingling, numb sensation, feeling of tight, band like sensation or sensation similar to gauze of fingers
lesions of anteriorlateral pathway symptoms are
sharp, burning or searing pain
lesions on thalamus cause what symptoms
contralateral pain called Dejerine-roussy syndrome
what is Lhermitte's sign and where can the lesion be
electricity-like sensation running down the back and into the ectremities upon neck flexation
lesions in cervical spine casue this
lesions of nerve roots often produce?
radicular pain
define dysesthesia
unplesant, abnormal sensation
define allodynia
painful sensation provoked by normally nonpainful stimuli
define hyperpathia or hyperalgesia
enhanced pain to normally painful stimuli
characteristics of spinal shock
when does it happen
flaccid paralysis, loss of tendon reflex, decreased sympathetic out flow
happens in acute trauma
what is cortical sensory loss and when does it happen
characterized: extinction,or decreased stereognosis and graphesthesia
what is transverse cord lesion
the whole spinal cord is lesions
all the sensory and motor pathways are damaged
another name for hemicord lesions
brown-sequard syndrome
half the spinal cord is lost
central cord lesion
lesion focused on the center of the spinal cord.
causes classic cape distribution
posterior cord syndrome
lesion covering the posterior half of the spinal cord
anterior cord lesion
lesion covering the anterior half of the spinal cord