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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which antiepileptic drug can cause gingival hyperplasia & osteomalacia?
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phenytoin
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Main MOA of phenytoin is _______
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reduce the rate at which Na channels recover from inactivation (increase refractory period)
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Main MOA of phenobarbitol _________
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Increase GABA = increase Cl = hyperpolarize cell
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Which antiepileptic drug can precipitate acute intermittetent porphyria?
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phenobarbital (pheno = porpho)
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Primidone is structurally similar to what other antiepileptic drug?
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phenobarbital (it's metabolized to phenobarbital)
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This antiepileptic drug can possibly cause hepatotoxicity or pancreatitis in children?
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valproic acid
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This antiepileptic drug can possibly cause hyperkinesia's, and thus rarely used in children
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Clonazepam - (Benzodiazepine)
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This add-on antiepileptic drug can cause kidney stones & metabolic acidosis by blocking carbonic anhydrase
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Topiramate
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These add-on antiepileptic drugs are labeled as schedule V because they can cause euphoria
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Pregabalin
lacosamide |
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This add-on antiepileptic drug should be avoided if the pt is allergic to sulfonamides
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zonisamide
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Acutely, phenytoin metabolism is inhibited by these two drugs:
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phenobarbital
ethanol |
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Which of the antiepileptic drugs are enzyme inducers?
Which of the antiepileptic drugs are enzyme inhibitors? |
phenytoin, phenobabital, carbamazepine
valproate |
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Which antiepileptic drug decreases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
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phenytoin
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This antiepileptic drug causes fetal hydantoin syndrome
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phenytoin
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This antiepileptic drug is potentially teratogenic
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phenobarbital
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This antiepileptic drug causes increased risk of spina bifida
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valproate
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copia, copiarum (f.)
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pl. forces, troops
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Why can -triptan drugs, which bind 5HT1 receptors cause peripheral neuropathy symptoms and tightness/pressure in the chest?
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Can stimulate the 5HT2 receptors found on coronary blood vessels
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Are -triptan drugs allows to be given to pts with coronary artery dz and agina?
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NO...they can bind 5HT2 receptors on the coronaries and cause constriction!!!
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What's the problem with taking a triptan drug and SSRI's?
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Both increase levels of serotonin, which can lead to Serotonin Syndrome (ANS/CNS problems) = can be fatal!
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Which 2 beta blockers are the preferred treatment of a migraine?
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propranolol
timolol |
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What's the MOA of interferons?
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MS - interfere with the immune attack on myelin
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What's the MOA of glatiramer?
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MS - a synthetic compound which resembles a component of myelin (acts as a 'decoy' and attracts immune cells away from myelin!)
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What's the MOA of mitoxantrone?
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MS - a cancer chemotherapeutic agent which acts by suppressing immune attack on myelin
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What's the MOA of Natalizumab?
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MS - recombinant humanized monoclonal Ab...which blocks cell adhesion and prevents leukocyte migration across the BBB = interupts immune attack on myelin.
does this by binding to the alpha-4 subunit of the cell surface adhesion molecule alpha-4B1 integren, expressed on activated lymphocytes and monocytes....so it binds WBC's and prevents their adhesion and migration!!! |
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What't the MOA of fingolimod?
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prevents migration of T cells out of lymph nodes via an action on the sphingosine-1-phosphatase receptor
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You are treating a pt for their MS symptoms. They happen to develop progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). What drug caused this?
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Natalizumab
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What's the 1 drug that's used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
What is its MOA? What are its main two SE? |
Riluzole - VG Na channel blocker which inhibits glutamate release (glutamate excitotoxicity causes ALS)
- SGPT/ALA liver enzyme elevation - circumoral paresthesia |
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_____________ inhibitors are used in Alzheimer's dz
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Acetylcholinesterase (since AD had a deficiency in ACh...so want to increase ACh concentration!!)
Also "use-dependent" NMDA receptor antagonist (glutamate receptors) |
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Which 4 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used in Alzheimer's dz?
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Donepezil
Galantamine Rivastigmine Tacrine |
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Which Parkinson's drugs can cause impulse control disorders?
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dopamine agonists = ropinirole & pramipexole
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Which Parkinson's drug can cause livedo reticularis?
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amantadine = mottled/net-like discoloration of the skin!
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What two drugs appear to decrease the progression of PD?
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D2 agonist - pramipexole
MOA B blocker - rasagiline |
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Which antipsychotic drug causes agranulocytosis?
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clozapine (atypical) - need frequent CBC's
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