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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- Lateral rectus innervation, job and how to test
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Abducens, abducts – to test, look laterally
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- Medial rectus inervation, job and how to test
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occulomotor, adducts – to test, look medially
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Superior rectus innervation, job and how to test
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occulomotor elevates, adducts, and intorsion (up and in) – to test, look out and then up
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- Inferior rectus innervation, job and how to test
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Occulomotor, depresses, adducts, and extorsion (down and in) – to test, look out and then down
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- Superior oblique innervation, job and how to test
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trochlear, intorsion, depression, abduction (down and out) – to test, look in and then down
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- Inferior oblique innervation, job and how to test
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occulomotor, extorsion, elevation, abduction (up and out) – to test, look in and then up
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-Levator palpebrae superioris
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Occulomotor, elevates upper eyelid (lesion of CN3-> complete ptosis
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Intraocular muscles
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– ciliary, sphincter pupilae (para), dilator papillae (sympt – lesion in symp -> Horner’s)
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Brainstem nuclei
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- Occulomotor nucleus at level of SUPERIOR colliculus at V of PAG, contains Edinger-Westphal nucleus (parasymps)
- Trochlear nucleus at level of INFERIOR colliculus at V of PAG, only CN to exit dorsal side of brainstem - Abducens nucleus under FACIAL colliculus |
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5) Gaze stabilization
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– fixation (nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and interstitial nucleus of cajal), VOR (vestibular nuclei, MLF), OKN (retina, pretectum and then sup colic and motor nuclei
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Gaze Fixation
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VOR cancellation (overriding VOR via higher centers to keep gaze focused when head is moving), smooth pursuit, saccades, vergence (conjugate) movement
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Ocular reflexes
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pupillary reflex (afferent limb = CN2, efferent limb = CN3), blinking reflex (afferent limb = CN5, efferent limb = CN7)
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Nystagmus results from
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damage to vestibular system
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strabismus
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misalignment of the 2 eyes due to improper control of gaze by eye muscles),
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ptosis
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(eyelid drooping, can be caused by Occulomotor damage or Horner’s syndrome
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caloric test
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tests asymmetrical function in peripheral vestibular system – COWS)
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Oculomotor movements
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– stabilizes images on retina (minisaccades so don’t undergo adaptation)
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Eye movement coordination
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PPRF – horizontal gaze center
- Superior colliculus is organized in layers – superficial layer = retinotopic map of visual space, intermediate layer = auditory and somatosensory mapping to a visual point in space, deep layer = map of vectors that allow head/neck movements to a specific point in space - Damage to superior colliculus ->won’t be able to move eyes to a particular point in space |
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Horizontal gaze center
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PPRF
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horizontal/vertical gaze center
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nucleus prepositus hypoglossi
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- Weber syndrome
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ipsilateral eye, contralateral face and body – involves occulomotor, corticospinal/bulbar tracts in cerebral peduncle, ipsilateral oculomotor palsy with muscle atropy, ptosis, mydriasis, contralateral hemiparesis, contralatera paralysis of lower face and protruded tongue to contralateral side
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- Claude syndrome
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ipsilateral eye contralateral face and body – involves oculomotor nerve, red nucleus, and cerebellothalamic fibers, ipsilateral oculomotor palsy with muscle atropy, ptosis, mydriasis, contralateral tremor and ataxia, contralateral loss of position, discriminative, and vibratory sense
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- Benedikt syndrome
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combination of Weber and Claude
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Horner’s syndrome
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– lack of sympathetic to head ->ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis, enthapholos, vasodilation
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