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24 Cards in this Set

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Glial cell of the nervous tissue represent which kind of tissue
A supporting tissue
The glial cells in CNS include:
Astrocytes (macroglia) - Fibrous and protoplasmic
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
The glial cells in PNS include:
Schwann cells
Satellite cells (amphicytes)
The main supporting cells in CNS:
Astrocytes
Structure and location of fibrous astrocytes:
White matter, star-like few processes, many gliofilaments
Structure and location of protoplasmic astrocytes:
Grey matter, star-like, many processes, few gliofilaments
Structure of astroglia:
Star-like, connected with nexuses
Function of astroglia
Isolate interneuronal synapses, trophic influence: Form a layer on the aouter (beneath pia mater) and inner (around vessels) of CNS.
- Cover surfaces of capillaries - 98% of vessels surface covered by astrocytes
- Participate in Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
- Glial scar formation
Microglia - derivation, location, structure and function
- Scavanger cells - derived from monocytes
- any lysosomes, elongated body, short and irregular processes
- Phagocytosis cells of CN grow by that
- 10% of all glial cells
- Both white and grey matter
Ependymal cells - structure, location, function
- Columnar cells with microvilli and cilia
- Line cavities of CNS
- No basal lamina
- To types: Ependymal cells (no basal process) and Tanycytes (basal process cont. gliofilaments)
- One layer, columnar cells
Function of glial cells:
- Trophic function (nourishment, oxygen, metabolites)
- Isolation and mechanical support of nerve cells
- Synthesis of myelin
- Scar formation
- Phagocytosis
Epithelium of the Choroid Plexus
- Produce cerebral spinal fluid (exocrine glands)
- Develop from connective tissue
- Sit on basal lamina
Oligodendrocytes - Structure and types
Cells with small cellular processes and oval body
- Satellite oligodendroglia
- Interfascicular oligodendroglia
Oligodendrocytes - structure and function in white matter
Myelinating cells - produce myelin sheaths. Interfascicular oligodndrocytes.
Throphic function include:
Nourishment, oxygen and metabolities
Oligodendrocytes - structure and function in grey matter
Trophic elements - perineural location
Myelinated nerve fibers in CNS:
- Different diameters of myelin
- Irregular placement of nodes of Ranvier
- Process from 1 oligodendrocyte covers several axons
Non-myelinated nerve fibers in CNS:
Naked axons not coveed with oligodenrocytes
Component of the neuropil
Formation of Myelin in CNS:
Oligodendrocyte process attached to axon - rotates about the axon forming myelin sheath
Myelinated and non-myelinated PNS nerve fiber
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1. Nerve axon
2. Neurotubules
3. s.ER
4. Mitochondria
5. Axolemma
6. Myelin sheath
7. Schwann cells
8. Outer mesaxon
9. Epineurium
10.Reticular and collagen microfibrils
11.Finger-like projections of Schwann cell
12. Node of Ranvier
13. Axons
14. Mesacon
15. Partially invaginated axon - not enveloped by by cytoplasm schwann cells
Myelinated PNS nerve fiber
- Large size
- Covered with myelin
- Enriched with lipids
- Schwann cell peripherally
Non-myelinated PNS nerve fiber
- Vegetative axon
- Small diameter
- In contact with several axons, but no rotation of myelin sheath!
- Centrally placed Schwann cell
Satellite cells of PNS - structure and function
- Called amphicytes
- Modified Schwann cell
- Flattened body
- Sorround ganglionic cells
Ganglionic cells:
Aggregations of nervous cells in the periphery.