Neurology, Spinal Trauma, Head Facial Neck Trauma

Occurring on the opposite side; an injury to the brain opposite the site
of impact.

An injury to the brain occurring on the same side as the site of impact.

Accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the cranium.

collection of blood directly beneath the dura mater.

bleeding directly into the tissue of the brain.

type of brain injury characterized by shearing, stretching, or tearing of nerve fibres with subsequent axonal damage.

a transient period of unconsciousness. In most cases, the unconsciousness will be followed by a complete return of function.

response due to cerebral ischemia that causes an increase in systemic
blood pressure, which maintains cerebral perfusion during increased ICP; a collective
change in vital signs (increased blood pressure and temperature and decreased pulse and
respirations) associated with increasing intracranial pressure.

A slight instability involving the maxilla alone, usually presents with no associated displacement.

Fracture results in fractures of both the maxilla and nasal bones.

Characteristically involve the entire facial region below the brow ridge, including the zygoma nasal bone and maxilla. Usually result in CSF leakage and may endanger patency of the nasal and oral portions of the airway.

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, in front of the iris.

a nontraumatic occlusion of the retinal artery resulting in a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye.

condition that may be of traumatic origin and present with patient complaint of a dark curtain obstructing a portion of the field of view.

condition that is caused by bony fragments or pressure
compressing the arteries of the anterior spinal cord and resulting in loss of motor function
and sensation to pain, light touch, and temperature below the injury site.

condition usually related to hyperflexion of the cervical spine
that results in motor weakness, usually in the upper extremities, and possible bladder
dysfunction.

syndrome condition caused by partial cutting of one side of the spinal
cord resulting in sensory and motor loss to that side of the body.

condition associated with the body’s adjustment to the effects of neurogenic shock; presentations include sudden hypertension, bradycardia,pounding headache, blurred vision, and sweating and flushing of the skin above the point of injury.

any malfunction or damage of the peripheral nerves. Results may include muscle weakness, loss of sensation, impaired reflexes, and internal organ malfunctions.

condition characterized by loss of memory and disorientation,associated with chronic alcohol intake and a diet deficient in thiamine.

psychosis characterized by disorientation, muttering delirium,
insomnia, delusions, and hallucinations. Symptoms include painful extremities, bilateral
wrist drop (rarely), bilateral foot drop (frequently), and pain on pressure over the long nerves.

or death of brain tissue resulting from interruption of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation; caused by either ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions to a portion of the brain, resulting in damage or destruction of brain tissue. Commonly also called a cerebrovascular accident or “brain attack.”

series of two or more generalized motor seizures without any intervening periods of consciousness.

type of generalized seizure characterized by rapid loss of
consciousness and motor coordination, muscle spasms, and jerking motions.

phase of a seizure characterized by tension or contraction of muscles.

seizures that begin as an electrical discharge in a small area of the
brain but spread to involve the entire cerebral cortex, causing widespread malfunction.

seizures that remain confined to a limited portion of the brain, causing
localized malfunction. Partial seizures may spread and become generalized.

phase of a seizure characterized by alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles.

type of generalized seizure with sudden onset, characterized by a brief
loss of awareness and rapid recovery.

type of partial seizure that involves local motor, sensory, or autonomic dysfunction of one area of the body. There is no loss of consciousness.

seizure type of partial seizure usually originating in the temporal lobe
characterized by an aura and focal findings such as alterations in mental status or mood.

loss of consciousness due to inadequate flow of blood to the brain with rapid recovery of consciousness on becoming supine; fainting.

literally meaning “new form”; a new or abnormal formation; a tumour

a collection of pus localized in an area of the brain.

a collection of diseases that selectively affect one or more functional systems of the central nervous system.

a degenerative brain disorder; the most common cause of dementia
in the elderly.

a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive muscle
weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscle fibres

disease that involves inflammation of certain nerve cells followed by
demyelination, or the destruction of the myelin sheath, which is the fatty insulation surrounding nerve fibres.

a group of disorders characterized by muscle contractions that cause twisting and repetitive movements, abnormal postures, or freezing in the middle of an action.

chronic and progressive motor system disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.

condition resulting from damage or injury to the brain,
brainstem, or spinal cord characterized by intense, steady pain described as burning,
aching, tingling, or a “pins and needles” sensation.

one-sided facial paralysis with an unknown cause characterized by the inability to close the eye, pain, tearing of the eyes, drooling, hypersensitivity to sound,
and impairment of taste.

progressive degeneration of specific nerve cells that control voluntary movement characterized by weakness, loss of motor control, difficulty speaking, and cramping. Also called Lou Gehrig’s disease.

temporary, involuntary twitching or spasm of a muscle or group of muscles.

a neural defect that results from the failure of one or more of the fetal
vertebrae to close properly during the first month of pregnancy.

infectious, inflammatory viral disease of the central nervous system
that sometimes results in permanent paralysis.