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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
kidneys
maintains composition & volume of body fluids

*blood volume passing every 30 min- primary regulator of fluids
nephrons
functional unit of the kidney

*removes end products of metabolism ( urea, nitrogen,creatine)
ureters
-carry urine from kidney to bladder via peristalsis
- enters bladder POSTERIORLY
bladder
-reservoir for urine
- smooth muscle!!!
-detrusor muscle & urinary sphincter
urethra
transports urine from bladder to exterior surface
autonomic bladder
peoples whose bladders are no longer controlled by the brain b/c disease or injury & void by reflex only
150-250 ml
person feels the need to void
anuria
urine output 50 ml or less in a 24 hour period

*renal failure,dehydrated,blood loss
oliguria
100-400 ml urine output 24 hour period
frequency
increased incidence of urinating

*elderly,diabetes
glycosuria
sugar in the urine

*diabetes
nocturia
urinating at night

*children,pregnant women, men w/prostate problems
dysuria
difficulty urinating

*can be with or without pain
pyuria
puss in the urine

*UTI, (cloudy)
urinary retention
retaining urine in the bladder

ex) have 8 hours after catheter to void, if it's been 10 they are considered this
post void residual (pvr)
have patient void and record how much is there and then put catheter and take remaining out. if there is still urine it means they are retaining urine
enuresis
- continued incontinece of urine past the age of toilet training

*bed wetting (children developmental consideration)
pathological conditions
renal, physiological, physical
renal conditions
polycystic kidney,UTI,renal calculi,renal failure
physiological conditions
HTN,DM, connective tissue disorders

*key to HTN&DM is to have blood sugar under control. if not = kidney failure
physical conditions
arthritis/DJD, Parkinsons, Cognitive Deficits
nephro-toxic drugs
dose dependent ( any drug in increased amount can be toxic )
diuretics
prevent fluid reabsorption , produce increased urine
anticholinergics
regulates bladder contractions (slow down "overactive" bladder-urgency)
analgesics
suppress CNS, decrease urine
ask patient about past gu surgeries in assessment
- ileal conduit
-suprapubic catheter
inspection
-urethral oriface for discharge,color
-skin integrity of peri-anal area
- urine color,odor,sediment,clarity
auscultation
-arteriovenous (AV) fistula for hemodialysis
-ausculate for bruit over the fistula

*you WANT the bruit here. (squishing sound).. but normally they are bad. not here.
palpation
-palpate for thrill over fistula
-palpate kidneys at level of the 12th rib
-palpate bladder when FULL ( @ the end of the pubic hair line)
urine ph normal
4.6-8.2
specific gravity dehydration
above 1.030

*concentrated urine
specific gravity fluid overload
below 1.005

* dilute urine
1 oz = ____ ml?
30!! always convert urine to mL
urine specimens
routine urinalysis- nonsterile
urine culture-sterile (2 ways)
clean catch/midstream-non sterile
24 hour specimen-need ALL urine, should be a sign on the door.
2 ways urine culture
-folley catheter
-straight cauterization
urodynamic studies
measures urine flow/elimination in LOWER urinary tract w/ electrodes. Retaining bladder & making yourself go=important
cystoscopy
scope of bladder,urethra,urethral orifice
ultrasound
image of bladder through sound waves
computed tomography (CT Scan)
tissue densities, 3D picture
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
X-ray of kidneys & ureters after contrast dye injected; visualize those stuctures
renal biopsy
tissue sample by needle aspiration
suprapubic residual
long term continuous drainage
intermittent urethral catheter
straight catheter (clean)
indwelling catheter
continuous drainage (foley catheters)