nur.314.exam.3.neuro

1. memory loss
2. losing track
3. forgetting words
4. getting lost
5. poor judgement
6. abstract failing
7. losing things
8. mood swings
9. personality change
10. growing passive

olfactory; smell

optic; vision

oculomotor; motor- EOM motion, opening eyelids
parasymp- pupil constriction, lens shape

trochlear; down and inward movement of eye

trigeminal; motor- muscles of mastication
sensory- sensation of face and scalp, cornea, mucous membranes of mouth and nose

abducens; lateral movement of eye

facial; facial muscles, close eye, labial speech, close mouth, saliva and tear secretion

acoustic; hearing and equilibrium

glossopharyngeal- swallowing, taste on posterior 1/3; gag reflex; larynx and pharynx

vagus; talking and swallowing ; general sensation from carotid body, carotid sinus, pharynx; carotid reflex

spinal; mvmt of trapezius and sternomastoid muscles

hypoglossal; movement of tongue

-decreased muscle tone; limb feels like a rag doll

-increased muscle tone & resistance to passive lengthening

constant state of resistance; resists passive movement in any direction; dystonia

increased tone is released by degrees during passive ROM so it feels like small, regular jerks
-associated with parkinsonism

spastic or flaccid paralysis of one side

symmetric paralysis of lower extremities

paralysis of all four extremities

weakness of muscles rather than paralysis

rapid, continuous twitching of resting muscle that can be seen; fine and coarse(cold exposure, fatigue)

rapid, sudden jerk or short series of jerks at regular intervals (hiccup)

involuntary, compulsive, repetitive twitching of a muscle group due to neurologic cause or habit tic

-due to excessive discharge of neurons in brain
-epilepsy has unprovokes recurrent seizures due to cerebrovascular disease or in 70% of patients unknown

1. loss of consciousness
2. tonic phase with muscular rigidity, opening of mouth and eyes, tongue biting,a nd high pitched cry
3. clinic phase with violent muscular contractions, facial grimacing, and increased heart rate
4. postictal phase with deep sleeping, disorientation, and confusion

involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups; rhythmis, back-and-fourth movement of joints; dissapear while sleeping; slow or rapid

course and slow (3-6 per second); disapears with voluntary movement

rate varies; worse with volutary movement; occurs with MS or cerebellar disease

type of intention temor; most in older people; benign but causes emotional stress in buisness or social situations; improves with sedatives, propranolol, or alcohol

-sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk, or face
-irregular intervals
-accentuated by voluntary acts

-slow, twisting, writhing, continuous movement (like snake); distal part of limb
-occurs with cerebral palsy and disapears with sleep
-athetoid hand- some fingers flex and some extended

-arm is immobile against the body, with flexion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers and adduction of shoulder, does not swing freely
-leg is stiff and extended and circumducts with each step

staggering, wide-based gait; difficulty with turns; uncoordinated movement with positive tomberg sign

posture is stooped, trunk is pitched forward; elbows, hips, and knees are flexed; steps are short and shuffling; hesitation to begin walking and difficulty stopping; walks and turns body as one fixed unit; difficulty with any change in direction

knees cross or are in contact; short steps

slapping quality- looks as if walking up stairs and finds no stair there

weak hip muscles; when person takes step oppsite hip drops