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14 Cards in this Set

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What does ABG stand for and what does it measure and what arteries may be used?
Arterial Blood Gas

Used to measure blood pH and arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide
Drawn from arterial line olr percutaneous puncture must be done
Brachial, radial, femoral arteries
What is the normal range for PaCo2?
35 to 45 mmHg below=alkalosis
above=acidosis
What is the normal range for HCO3 (bicarb)?
Normal (22-26 mmHg)
Below 22=acidosis
Above 26=Alkalosis
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air breathed in or out The volume of air an individual is normally breathing in and out (500mL) normal breathing
Direct inspection of larynx, ____, and _____. Can also perform biopsy. Is part of an edoscopy procedure
Trachea, bronchi

Bronchoscopy
What 4 things is diagnostic bronchoscopy used for?
1. To examine tissues or collect excretions
2. To determine the location and extent of the pathologic process and to obtain a tissue sample for diagnosis
3. to determine whether a tumor can be resected surgically
4. To diagnose bleeding sites (source of hemoptysis)
What 4 things is therapuetic bronchoscopy used for?
1. remove foreign bodies
2. remove secretions obstruction when patients cant
3. treat postop atelectasis
4. destroy and excise lesions

(Also has been used to instert stents to relieve airway obstruction)
What are 8 possible side effects of brochoscopy and what can the nurse do to avoid?
1. Reaction to local anesthetic, infection, aspiration, bronchospasm, hypoxemia, pnuemothorax, bleeding and perforation.

The nurse makes sure there is no apiriation NPO, look for inflammation in the trachea and check for swelling, if the patient is swallowing a lot they may be bleeding in the throat
A patient has a rapid and severe onset of respiratory failure, it is characterized by ________ and _________ to the respiratory membrane with noncardiogenic edema. What is this called?
Acute lung inflammation diffuse injury

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
What is acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Breathing failure that can occur in critically ill persons with underlying illnesses.
It is not a specific disease. Instead it is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is sever fluid buildup in both lungs.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
This syndrome is characterized by sudden and progressive pulmonary _____, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, _____ unresponsive to oxygen supplementation regardless of the amount of PEEP, and the absence of an elevated left atrial pressure. Patients often demonstrate reduced lung compliance.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

edema,hypoxemia
In ARDS what symptoms develop progressively?
Hyperventilation→ repiratory alkalosis→ dyspnea and hypoxemia→ metabolic acidosis→ respiratory acidosis → further hypoxemia → hypotension, decreased cardiac output, death
destruction of lung tissue distal to the terminal bronchioles (a lung unit termed a primary lobulus or acinus). There is degenerative loss of radial traction of the bronchial walls.
Emphysema