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57 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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What is Life Science?
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A process of gathering knowledge.
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
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:ask a question
:do research :create a hypothesis :Do the experiment :anayze the data :conclusion :Share |
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What are 3 things that are important in making observations?
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:colors
:measuring sizes :a drawing |
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What are 3 things that are important in making scientific drawings?
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:Use as much detail as possible
:Label identifying structures :Create a proper title |
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Distinguish between independant, dependant and controlled variables.
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Independant: The variable that the scientist controls
Dependant: changes because of the independant Constant: The things that are the same |
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What is a control?
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The experiment without the independant variable added, or kept at a "normal" level, and the data then used for comparison is known as the control.
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Describe 3 tools life scientists use to observe organisms.
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computers
micrpscopes magnifine glasses |
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Describe the 6 charecteristics of living things.
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DR. GERSC
DNA Reproduce Growth and develop Energy Response to Stimulus Cells |
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what is metabolism?
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some of the chemical processes in the organisms
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Explain why organisms need food, water and living space.
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why they need food: energy
water: water provides the necasarry environment for the chemical reactions in the metabolism. air: air has the necassarry ingrediants to cause the chemical reactions in the cell body |
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Describe the chemical building blocks of cells.
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proteins build and prepare body structures and regulate body processes. carbohydrates are a quick energy source. Lipids store energy longterm or they help form membranes. ATP an energy carrying molecule. Nucleic Acids are the blue prints of life.
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distinguish between producers, consumers and decomposers.
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Producers: Make the food
Consumers: Eat the food Decomposers: decompose the food. |
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distinguish between an atom, a molecule and a compound.
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Atom: the smalest unit of matter
Molecule: is 2 of the same atoms combine Compound: 2 different atoms combined |
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Why did it take so long to dscover cells?
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It took along time because they did not have good technology
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what is a cell?
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a cell is the smallest unit that can preform all of life processes
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who was first to use the word "cell"?
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Robert Hooke
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who was first to see protist and bacteria?
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Leewonhoek
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who were the three people to develop the cell theory?
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:Shwoen
:Shleidon :Virchow |
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What is the cell theory?
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:All cells come from other living cells.
:Cells are the basic unit of all basic things :All organisms are made of one or more cells |
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Explain why cells have to be small.
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If they get to big then their surface area will be too small and it will explode
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What is an organelle?
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one of the small bodies in a cells cytoplasm that have a specialized job
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Name 3 things that ALL cells have.
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:DNA
:Ribosomes :Cytoplasm |
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List 3 advantages to being multicellular.
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:larger
:specialization :live longer |
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Describe the 5 levels of organization for living things.
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:cells
:tissues :organs :organ systems :organisms |
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Explain the process of diffusion.
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The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration
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When is diffusion effective?
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over short periods of time
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Describe what osmosis is and when it occurs.
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a special kind of diffusion that requires the movement of water molecuules across a membrane
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What is facilitated transport and give an example.
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A type of facilitated transport is: passive transport. A type of passive transport: Glucose.
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compare passive and active transport.
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Passive: doesn't require energy
Active: does require energy |
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Explain how really large particles get into and out of a cells.
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really large particles get into and out of cells by endocytosis and exocytosis
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describe photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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Photosynthesis: the process in which plants make food
Cellular respiration: a chemical process that occurs in cells |
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compare cellular respiration with fermentation.
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chemical repiration realeases more energy from food than fermentation will.
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What are the formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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Photosynthesis:
6CO2+6H2O+LIGHT+C6H1206+6O2 Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6+6O2+6CO2+6H20+ATP |
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How are Photosynthesis and respiration related?
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CR makes CO2 and Photosynthsis uses CO2 to make OXYGEN.
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What is a chromosome?
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tightly compacted DNA with proteins ready for division.
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what are homologous chromosomes?
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chromosomes that make pairs of similer genes.
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Distinguish between cell division in bacteria, plants and animals.
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bacteria:-binary fission
-nucleus is not involved plants:-can't pinch in 2 -2 newly formed cells animals:-cells are squishier -pinches in 2 to create 2 new cells |
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Explain how genes and alleles are related to genotype and phenotype.
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genes: the instructions for a characteristic
alleles: various forms of a characteristic genotype: represents exactly what the paired alleles are considered to be phenotype: what a organism looks like |
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Describe three exceptions to Mendel's observations and know examples of each.
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:Incomplete Dominance
:There are at least 3 genes that control skin : there are at least 2 genes that control eyes. |
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Describe how to determine the probability of a genotype or phenotype in offspring using a punnet square.
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A1A1 I A1A2
_____I_____ A1A2 I A2A2 I |
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What is Cytokinesis?
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watery goo that fills all cells that divided and split.
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Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
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mitosis: division results in 2 cells
meiosis: division results in 4 cells |
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Describe how chromosomes determine sex.
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The 23rd pair
. |
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Explain why sex-linked disorders occur in one sex more often than in another.
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Boys only have 1 X chromosomes so if anything is wrong they get the disorder.
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What is a pedigree?
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circles(females)/squares(males)
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What is selective breeding?
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occurs when specific characteristics are sought after and chosen to increase their frequency in the population.
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What is adaptation?
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adaptation is a characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce.
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what is a species?
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a species is a group of organisms that are closely related, can live together and mate.
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What is evolution?
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the process in which characteristics within a population change over time.
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Of what does the fossil record provide evidence?
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The fossil record proves that the order in which species have existed organisms have evolved.
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What are Homologous structures?
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Homologous structures are characteristics which are shared by related species.
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How does examination of DNA support the hypotheses of a similar ancestry?
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comparing certain features of organisms, like their overall structure of DNA
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What is natural selection?
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its when the ecosystem changes and the survival needs change with it.
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Relate genetics to evolution.
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genetics: the patterns the parent passes to offspring
evolution: the change in the ecosystem over time |
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Give one example of natural selection in action.
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Give one example of natural selection in action.
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Outline the 3 parts of the process of speciation.
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Outline the 3 parts of the process of speciation.
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