• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Front

How to study your flashcards.

Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key

Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key

H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

Progress

1/11

Click to flip

Card Range To Study

through

11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Ethanol
CH3CHOH
-7 kcal/g
-average is 4-6% of kcal (alcoholics up to 50%)
-Absorption in stomach, then intestine
-it is 100% metabolized in mucosa (20% for male and 5% for female) which is why women need less
alcohol
-highly soluble in water
Ethanol Process
1. Ethanol
2. ADH
3. Acetaldehyde
4. ALDH
5. Acetate
6. CO2 and water
7. ATP
Metabolism (3 Ways)
1. Alcohol/aldehyde dehydroginase
-hepatic (liver)
-specific for EtOH
2. Cytochrome P450
-hepatic
-part of many enzymes to catabolize xenobiotics
3. Peroxisomal (Catalase)
-minor route
Alcohol/Aldehyde Dehydroginase
Consequences
-acetaldehyde inhibits some TCA cycle enzymes
-increased cystolic NADH incr pathways use NADH --> hypoglycemia
-increased FA synthesis - fat storage in abdomen, increase VLDL, decrease FA oxidation, alters energy metabolism of the heart
-stunts fuels away from oxidative phosphorylation, reduced strength and endurance
Cytochrome P450
induced frequent EtOH exposure
-handles more EtOH at high concentration
-spares NAD, less lactate
Problem P450 induction
-alters drug metabolism (faster)
-increase cancer risk
Consequences of Alcohol
-alcohol intolerance
-ketone body damage (reacts with free amines on proteins and disrupts or damages protein function)
-altered membrane fluidity (disrupts receptor signally and reduces insulin sensitivity).
One Drink
-11-15g EtOH
-12 oz beer
-5 oz wine
-1 oz hard liqueur
Chronic Alcohol Damage
-hypertension
-gastritis
-pancreatitis
-cardiovascular disease
-liver damage
-brain damage
Alcoholism
-withdrawal symptoms
-unsuccessful attempts to cut down
-give up important events to drink
-EtOH taken in larger amounts and shorter periods than intended
-continued to use despite recognized adverse consequences
-genetic link
-altered neurotransmitter function in pleasure center
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
-major cause of mental retardation in the US
-Primary risk is conception-8 weeks
-Embryo has 5% of adult ADH
-Lesions (foreshortened facial bones, abnormal heart, deranged or absent brain neurons)
-mechanism is unsure
Positive Effects
3-9 drinks a week
-raises HDL
-reduces CVD risk
-does not apply if hypertensive (high BP)
Polyphenols in red win
-reduce clotting (grape juice is more effective)
-reduce CVD risk