- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
ABW vs IBW for dosing weight?
|
IBW unless obese
|
|
basic estimation on fluid requireements?
|
30-35ml/kg/day
|
|
Protein requ
|
0.8-1.1 non stressed non hosp....1.2-2 hosp or malnourished
|
|
TDE vs BEE
|
k basal
|
|
number not to exceed for dextrose ?
|
4mg/kg/min
|
|
how to determine number of kcal to add as lipid?
|
TDE-dextrose kcal (DO NOT INCLUDE protein kcal)
|
|
kcal / g of dextrose
|
3.4
|
|
kcal / g of protein
|
4
|
|
whcih to electrolytes have a binding/precipitating risk?
|
calcium and phosphate
|
|
4 things you can do to help against precipitation?
|
regrigurate (add calcium LAST)...Ca nd Phos should not go more than 45 mEq/L (1mmol is 2 mEq)....Ca gluconate instead of chloride
|
|
how many mEq postassium is in mmol pot phos
|
1mmol potas phos is about 1.5 mEq potassium
|
|
which multi and trace?
|
k
|
|
which trace are held if liver damage?
|
copper and Mg
|
|
which trace are held if renal?
|
chromium selenium molybdenum
|
|
what is added to enteral feeding to evaluate aspiration
|
blue dye
|
|
into stomach..G tube, into intestine...J tube
|
k
|
|
inxns with enteral feeding?
|
warf (binds up, lowered INR)...Phenytoin (binds to protein, give 2 hours after dose)...FQ abx (chelates with metals)
|
|
when trying to find out kcal in fat emulsion
|
2kcal/ml
|
|
How to calculate nitrogen balance
|
divide protein intake (g) by 6.25...subtract urinary and insensible nitrogen losses
|
|
what is acetate converted to?
|
bicarb
|
|
What is 3 advantages of 0.22 micron filter?
|
trap particulate matter, prevents precipitates from entering patients, filters most bacteria
|
|
what cannot be filtered through 0.22 micron filter?
|
lipid emulsion
|
|
which enteral feeding type
|
NG nasoduodenal...jejunostomy (better for long term)
|
|
Cause of diarrhea in enteral nutrition?
|
sorbitol in pharm vehicles (osmotic and solute loads are isotonic)
|
|
compounding: must be kept in log book, advertising not permitted, no NDC numbers, Beyond use date is required....FDA drugs: abroved NDA, be produced under good manufacturing practices...NDC numbers...carry a set expiration date
|
k
|
|
when is glass used in mortor and pestle?
|
liquids and chemicals that are oily or will stain
|
|
levigation def?
|
reducing size of particle of a solid by triturating it in a mortar or spatulating it on ointment slab with small amount of liquid in which solid not soluble...levigating agent
|
|
what is a good levigating agent?
|
mineral oil
|
|
what is triturating?
|
mortor and pestle style reducing substance size
|
|
what is an emollient?
|
agent used to soften and smooth the skin
|
|
Other stuff on compounding...k
|
k
|
|
sizing of capsules
|
smaller the size the higher the number ...5 super small 000 super big
|
|
pharmdynamics vs pharmkinetics
|
kin is what drug does in the body...dyn is what happens to the body from the drug
|
|
dissolution
|
how much absorbed, if no dissolution then goes straight through the gut
|
|
what is the letter for bioavailablilty
|
F
|
|
if IV then F=100%
|
k
|
|
lipophilic, polar charched compound distrubution?
|
lipophilic moves easilty through membranes ... polar charged does not and stays in the blood
|
|
what is the compound associated with protein binding?
|
albumin
|
|
changes in protein binding have huge changes in distributino
|
k
|
|
If albumin low (under 3.5) and phenytoin is highly protein bound
|
actual level will be higher than what serum shows...maybe displacement issues
|
|
where is albumin made?
|
liver
|
|
how much of the drugs are met by the liver?
|
about half
|
|
stool and urine color in liver damage?
|
light stool, dark urine
|
|
RBC broken down faster than liver can make them....higher bili
|
k
|
|
what are the 5 most common and notable drugs causing liver damage?
|
statins, methotrex, thionamides (PTU, methimazole), isoniazid, interferons, APAP, phenytoin/phenobarb, Valproic acid
|
|
how many half lives is considered elimination complete?
|
4-5 half lives
|
|
gabapentin excretion?
|
renal (adjust at 60)
|
|
common drugs requiring renal dose adjustment?
|
pg 38
|
|
first order kinetics?
|
rate of rxnt increases linearly with conc of A
|
|
michaellis menton
|
saturable kinetics..conc could increase rapidly
|
|
name 3 drugs with michaelismentin?
|
phenytoin, theophylline voriconazoleg
|
|
where does most drug absorption take place?
|
small intestine
|
|
acids release protons into solution, once released its a conjugate base
|
k
|
|
bases pick up protons..NH3- is a base that can pick up NH4+
|
k
|
|
as a solution becomes more acidic (conc of protons increase), pH decreases
|
k
|
|
what is the pH partition theory
|
states that the rate of drug absorption is determined by the percentage of ionized and non ionized rug
|
|
most drugs are weak acids, or weak bases and are absorbed by passive diffusion through the gut wall in the non ionized state
|
k
|
