Nutrition Chapter 8 Water Soluble Vitamins Flash Cards

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Title:	Nutrition Chapter 8 Water Soluble Vitamins
Description:	HN&F 171
Number of Cards:	18
Save Count:	1
Author:	styree29
Created:	2009-04-14
Tags:	8 chap nutrtion wsv
Private	No

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- Question
- Answer
- Side 3

- enrichment:
- when manufacturer must add vitamins back by gov't law like Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic Acid
- Water Soluble Vitamins:
- Vitamin C
  B Vitamins
- VITAMIN C
- Functions: antioxidant, immune function, iron absorption collagen synthesis (hair skin and nails)
  Deficiency: within 20-40 days Scurvy (pinpoint hemorrhaging, bleeding gums, impaired wound healing, joint/bone pain)
  Individuals at Risk: alcoholics smokers, widower's scurvy
  Food Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli, green and red peppers
  LABILE (lost in heat and oxygen)
  RDA
  UL (toxicity= diarrhea, GI problems and iron toxicity)
- B Complex Vitamins that are coenzymes in energy metabolism:
- 1) Thiamin
  2) Riboflavin
  3) Niacin
  4) Pantothenic Acid
  5) Biotin
- THIAMIN
- Function: nerve function
  Deficiency: for alcoholics = wenicke-kosakoff syndrome
  after 7 days -beriberi (wet and dry)
  Most Labile
  RDA
  NO UL
  Anti-thiamin factors = raw fish, tea, coffee
- RIBOFLAVIN
- Function: coenzyme FAD, metabolism
  Deficiency: 2 months - glossitis (dry tongue), cheilosis (dry cracks around mouth), oily dermatitis, eye and nerve disorder
  Food Sources: whole grains, milk, enriched grains
  Destroyed by UV
  Individuals at Risk: Alcoholics and Lactose Intolerance
  RDA
  NO UL
- NIACIN
- Function: coenzyme NAD, ATP
  Food Sources: animal foods, whole grains, enriched grains
  Deficiency: Pellagra (dry scaly skin) 4 D's = dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
  Individuals at Risk: alcoholics
  Niacin Supplements: lowers blood cholesterol. 60mg of tryptophan=1 niacin that your body can make
  RDA
  UL (toxicity= flushing of skin, nausea, liver damage)
- BIOTIN
- Food Sources: egg yolks, liver, nuts, very widespread
  AI
  NO UL
  GI bacteria produces Biotin
  Deficiency: Skin rash, hair loss, nerve disorders
  Individuals at Risk: people who consume > 12-24 raw eggs
- PANTOTHENIC ACID:
- Function: Metabolism
  Food Sources: found in all foods
  AI
  NO UL
- B Complex vitamins involved in synthesis of hemoglobin:
- FOLATE
  VIT B 6
  VIT B 12
- FOLATE
- Food Sources: leafy greens
  lost in heat, oxygen, UV
  Supplement: folic acid = 1.7 folate
  Individuals at Risk: pregnant women, premature infants, alcoholics, elderly
  Deficiency: megaloblastic anemia ( unable to divide RBC), lack of DNA synthesis
  neural tube defects
  RDA
  UL (toxicity masks a b12 deficiency)
- VITAMIN B 12
- Function: DNA synthesis, folate metabolism, nerve function, hemoglobin synthesis, decreases homocystenine
  Deficiency: Pernicious Anemia (megaloblastic but involves death by nerve damage and paralysis)
  Food Sources: meat products, sea food
  Individuals at Risk: vegan, intrinsic factor (doesn't absorb) Ileum removal (chrones)
  Liver stores b12 for 3-5 years
  RDA
  NO UL
  Food
- VITAMIN B 6
- Function: >100 enzymatic reactions, synthesis of neurotransmitters, hemoglobin, immune functions decrease homocysteine
  Deficiency: Microcytic Hypochromatic Anemia (light colored small RBC, causes nerve damage
  Food Sources: cereals, beans, legumes, fish, meats
  Supplements: helps with carpal tunnel and pms
  RDA
  UL(toxicity causes irreversible nerve damage)
- enriched vitamins
- thiamin
  riboflavin
  niacin
  folic acid
- Most Labile:
- Thiamin
  Vitamin C
  Folate
- Toxicity:
- Vitamin C
  Niacin
  Folic Acid
  Vitamin B 6
- Storage:
- Vitamin B 12
- Synthesized by Body:
- Niacin
  Biotin