NVRA study cards

essential information to show the chain of title to real estate and the facts of record that bear upon its marketability

the clause of a writ or declaration containing statement of damages claimed

for only the particular case at hand

the rendering of a decision

for the purposes of the suit

with greater reason or more convincing force

from another source; from outside

the claim of fact that a party makes in a pleading

formality of court's inquiry of prisoner as to whether he/she has any legal cause to show why judgment should not be pronounced against him/her on verdict of conviction

friend of the court

auxiliary, supplementary

the case summaries which follow and construe the statues printed in the commercially produced statue books

the defendant's pleading which responds to the plaintiff's petition or complaint

list prior in the same index or material

the act of submitting oneself to the court officially

the party seeking a change in a lower court's decision by appeal to higher court

the court which hears appeals from the decisions of other courts

the formal hearing where the defendant is called before the judge to plead the charge

a carrying away; felonious removal of goods

procedure where the plaintiff secures a lien against the property of the defendant to satisfy the obligation

attorney whose name appears in the official record as the lawyer representing the party

security to guarantee the accused will appear at the hearing or trial

courtroom attendant who maintains order and facilitates the conduct of the trial

evidence from the most reliable source

evidence of a transfer of personal property

document that is filed with the court arguing the law and facts in support of case

duty that falls upon the party to prove a fact affirmatively

a system of correlated rules or standards

heading on a pleading, containing name of court, county, parties, and title of document

in contemplation of death

warning

let the buyer beware

appellate review proceeding examining action of inferior court for further information

judge’s office

moving a case from one county to another

item of personal property

item of personal property so affixed that is considered part of the property

evidence from which you can draw a reasonable conclusion, but it, itself, does not establish fact

relating to private rights and remedies sought by suit versus criminal proceedings

compilation of all existing law in effect under a system of subjects in a jurisdiction

secret cooperation for fraudulent purpose

law evolving from ancient customs, judicial decisions and casual statues

party making the complaint

first document filed in lawsuit by the plaintiff setting forth claim or case

taking of private property for public use upon the payment of compensation

value given or received in contract law; the factor that makes the contract binding

acts which impede the court; failure to carry out court order; disrespectful conduct

lawyer must win to get paid

stubborn resistance to authority

body of a crime; physical object upon which the crime was committed

that which strengthens or confirms

expenses of a trial or proceeding which may be charged to one or both parties. Usually does not include attorney’s fees

distinct statement of plaintiff’s cause of action.

claim that defendant may make against payment in the plaintiff’s action against defendant

court which is required to make a record of a preserve the proceedings

interrogation of a party or a witness by other side to test knowledge, observation, and credibility

doing business as

monetary redress which one seeks to recover from another

declares the rights of parties or expresses opinion of court on a question of law without ordering anything to be done

decision or order of the court; often dissolution of marriage

instrument effecting a transfer of real estate

failure to take required step within specified time and can result in default judgment against one who failed to act

one against whom the action is brought

already seen; illusion of having previously experience something that is encountered for the first time

legitimate; lawful

insignificant; minute; frivolous

pleading stating “I admit, for the purpose of argument, that your claimed facts are true, but those facts do not give you a valid claim against me.”

anew; starting over a though not done before

taking testimony outside the courtroom before a court reporter with the other side present for purpose of cross examination. Testimony is under oath and reduced to writing

the statement of a rule or principle of law which is not essential to the determination of the issues but is used to explain the reasoning of decision

multi-volume collection of abbreviated case summaries arranged by subject matter

verdict that the judge instructs the jury to return which it must do. Used when there are no factual issues for the jury to decide

that offered by eyewitnesses as contrasted to circumstantial evidence

interrogation of one's own party or witnesses

pretrial process whereby one side seeks to discover facts known by the other side.

dismissal without trial which permits the party to bring the same cause of action or claim against the same party

dismissal without trial which bars the assertion of the same cause of action or claim against the same party

the opinion of the judge who does not agree with the majority of the court

termination – used in marriage

the actual place that is home to the person; stronger than residence; you may have several residences but only one domicile

being prosecuted for the same crime twice

according a person all of the rights and privileges afforded by law

for example

right of access onto, over, under, or across real property

freed of parental control although not yet having reached age of majority

fraudulent use of money entrusted to one’s care

power to take private property for public use through condemnation proceedings and compensation

all of the judges of one court sitting together

usually to stop a person from doing some act by court order

as used in trial work, means a system of justice for causes of action not governed by specific statues or law. Negligence is a law action. Injunction is an equity action.

held by a third party until an agreed event takes place

the total probate assets of a deceased person

and others

and following

and wife

legal objection to ruling of the court

evidence and/or statements which tend to clear, justify, or excuse a defendant from alleged fault or guilt

by virtue or because of an office

by or for one person, not adversary

example: the State ex rel Doe v Roe – instituted by the State on behalf of a private individual or interest

surrender of an alleged criminal by one state to another

crime of knowingly making untrue statements for the purpose of obtaining money or property fraudulently

a serious crime established by statute; punishable by imprisonment

a broad term for one who has a trust to perform; trustees, guardians, and agents

Action to take possession of mortgages property and to collect for amounts still due and owing when debt has not been met

intentional perversion of truth for purposes of persuading another to part with something of value

to take by legal authority

action compelling a third party (employer) to pay some of the defendant’s money to the plaintiff

hears criminal accusations and holds for trial or refuses to indict

appointed by the court to be responsible for the person and/or property of another

appointed to protect the minor defendant’s interest during specific litigation

write for the release of a prisoner

paragraphed material which precedes the opinion of the court describing the issues in a decision

one who inherits the property of another by operation of law rather than by will

those principles of law which are known generally to all and are free from doubt and ambiguity

witness who manifests so much hostility or prejudice under examination in chief that the party who has called is allowed to treat them as if they had been called by the opposite party

one which cannot agree on a verdict

a question asking an expert witness to assume proven facts and base an opinion on those facts

that is

destruction of a witness’ credibility

in chambers

that which tends to incriminate or bring about a criminal conviction

a formal charge by a grand jury

below, later in this document

a court order prohibiting some action

on or at the beginning; preliminary

against a person to impose a liability or obligation

in the matter of; concerning

among other things

amending of pleading or motion by written insertion between woreds or lines already typed or printed

temporary or intermediate; not final

written questions by one party served to adversary, who must serve written answers under oath

among the living; done during lifetime

not pertinent; does not relate to the matter at issue

a point of dispute between the parties to a lawsuit

an ownership of property by two or more persons; when one joint tenant dies, his/her interest passes to other tenants

formal decision given by the Court

lawyer appointed by judge to sit on bench when regular judge cannot be there

synonomous with acknowledgement; placed on document for signatures to be notarized

a document evidencing the transfer of the use of property for a limited time

one who leases property from another

one who leases property to another

seizing of property through a court order

the law of the place

responsible; chargeable with

defamation by writing

a charge against a property

a pending lawsuit

to carry on legal contest by judicial process

with bad faith

order of a higher court directing a lower court to take certain action

intermediate

requires a person to receive certain warnings before any custodial interrogation by law enforcement

offense not punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary

a company or entity who lends money to a borrower

an individual or company who borrows money

threshold; motion made at the start of a trial requesting judge rules that certain evidence may not be introduced in trial

applicant for rule or order in court

trial court where tried to jury as distinguished from appellate court

equivalent of a guardian, but not appointed – one who brings action on behalf of a minor

entry on record denoting that the plaintiff or prosecutor will proceed no further in action or suit

I do not contest the claim

fallacy; it does not follow

entered at a time subsequent with retroactive effect

method of directing attention to an error in the course of the trial

when court is in session

a municipal statue

persons actively concerned in the prosecution and defense of a legal proceeding – does not include counsel

while suit is pending

by the head; all eligible share and share alike

excusing a prospective juror without explanation or reason

false swearing

one making written request for relief in court

ordinary jury not grand jury

theft of literary property

the person or company or corporation or any legal entity named in caption of lawsuit as bringing the action

a pleading in a civil or criminal case

an instrument used to frame the issues in a lawsuit

after a verdict to examine each juror separately as to concurrence in verdict

written authorization to act as one’s agent

any of various writs commanding a person to do something or to appear and show cause why he/she should not

request that the court will grant relief desired

first appearance before a judge, for purpose of determining whether there are grounds for prosecution

greater weight of the evidence

study of defendant made by investigation by probation and parole officer prior to sentencing

On the first appearance. A prima facie case is such as will suffice until contradicted and overcome by other evidence

for this occasion

order of higher court to lower court or official to refrain from taking certain action

for oneself; in one’s own behalf

monetary compensation for mental anguish suffered or to punish defendant for wrong and evil actions

commonly accepted or supposed

to set aside as void

part judicial, of judicial character

one equivalent for another

to release or relinquish a claim – deeds rights or title to another

state of trial proceeding demonstrating evidence of previous witness as untrue

habitual criminal

mutual shared interest or legal action by each of two judicial areas

obligation entered into in court requiring performance of act such as appearance in court

the official proceedings of a trial

needlessly repetitive

the pleading that responds to an answer

literally, the thing

things done; especially the acts and declarations admissible in evidence that form the litigated issue

the thing speaks for itself

thing or point formerly in controversy but now judicially settled

person against whom relief is asked, who opposes prayer of petition

the fee where a lawyer undertakes to represent a client

rigidity of muscles occurring after death

rights which accrue to owner of land on the banks of waterway

lien on goods or personal property to secure payment on the purchase of price of goods on the installment plan

allowance granted to a spouse for support of the spouse and children while living apart from husband/wife

direction to appear and present reasons to court why some order or decree should not take effect or be confirmed

thus in the original

the essential element

oral defamation

one selected from a panel to serve as judge in a particular case

the rule of precedent; that which is decided once will be applied in the future

the written law as enacted by the legislature

time period within which something must be done or rights will be lost

a short-term court-ordered delay in judicial proceedings

the agreement of counsel as to existence of certain facts or circumstances

of its own will or motion

under penalty or pain; order of the court requiring a witness to appear

subpoena to testify

ordered by the court that the witness must produce documents or records

or one’s own right

in one’s own name

decision given by court without delay or formality of full proceedings

a writ of notification requiring the person to appear and defend

the sums required of a divorced parent for the support of the children of marriage

above, earlier in this document

joint tenancy of 2 or more people, but when one tenant in common dies his/her interest passes to his/her heirs, not to other tenants

joint tenancy between husband and wife, each is considered as owning whole; when one dies, the other still owns all the property

a civil wrong for which a suit for damages may be brought

an official report of the proceedings of a trial

physical or mental injury to a person cause by external violence

the placing of property in one’s hands for the benefit of another

the person who holds the assets of the trust

a person who is trusted or trustworthy

Uniform Commercial Code

outside of the scope of the authority to act

one of the equitable maxims embodying the principle that a party seeking equitable relief must not have done any dishonest act in the transaction act in the transaction

charging more than the legal rate in interest

buyer

seller

an entire panel from which jury is drawn

the place of jurisdiction

namely

speak the truth; a preliminary examination of witness or juror to determine competency

grossly negligent or careless

a person placed in the care of a guardian by court order

a written order directing the arrest of a person or persons issued by the court, body or official having authority to issue warrants or arrest

a phrase which indicates the relative value of the evidence on one side in light of evidence on other side

neck injury commonly associated with rear-end auto accidents

that work done by an attorney in the process of representing the client which is ordinarily not subject to discovery

court order commanding or authorizing some action

out-of-doors; in the open air

up-to-date; fully aware or familiar; cognizant

spiced with peppercorns or ground black pepper

unorthodox or daring; radical

a witty remark or comment; clever saying; witticism

a person who lives luxuriously and enjoys good food and drink

unconditional authority; full discretionary power

any controversy that attracts great public attention, as a celebrated legal case or trial

unmitigated effrontery or impudence; gall; audacity; nerve

persons who have superior knowledge and understanding of a particular field, esp. in the fine arts, literature, and world of fashion

is the sudden, illegal deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either civil or military

a death blow, esp. one delivered mercifully to end suffering

a street, lane, etc., closed at one end; blind alley; dead-end street

strictly required, as by etiquette, usage, or fashion

life of luxury; Italian, literally: sweet life

word or expression used in a given context so that it can be understood in two ways, esp. when one meaning is risqué

an intangible term used for the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal

an accomplished fact; a thing already done

slip or blunder in etiquette, manners, or conduct; an embarrassing social blunder or indiscretion

an irresistibly attractive woman, esp. one who leads men into difficult, dangerous, or disastrous situations

an unexpected and disruptive event that may operate to excuse a party from a contract

lacking social grace, sensitivity, or acuteness; awkward; crude; tactless

the declared public policy within the Soviet Union of openly and frankly discussing economic and political realities

the system of forced-labor camps in the Soviet Union

a misunderstanding, disagreement, etc., of a complicated or bitter nature, as between persons or nations

intellectuals considered as a group or class, esp. as a cultural, social, or political elite

a holy war undertaken as a sacred duty by Muslims

member of a special corps in the Japanese air force charged with the suicidal mission of crashing an aircraft laden with explosives into an enemy target; a person or thing that behaves in a wildly reckless or destructive manner

the theory or system of government that upholds the autonomous character of the economic order, believing that government should intervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs

the moral obligation of those of high birth, powerful social position, etc., to act with honor, kindliness, generosity

pen name

Russian The program of economic and political reform in the Soviet Union initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986

the most noteworthy or prized feature, aspect, event, article of a series or group; special item or attraction

without

knowledge of just what to do in any situation; tact

to move slowly, awkwardly, or tediously

(esp. in comic acting) a routine or piece of business inserted to gain a laugh or draw attention to oneself

a private conversation or interview, usually between two people

an exceptional achievement by an artist, author, or the like, that is unlikely to be equaled by that person or anyone else; stroke of genius

forbidden, as by law; prohibited

the spirit of the time; general trend of thought or feeling characteristic of a particular period of time

body of laws that prohibits anti-competitive behavior (monopoly) and unfair business practices

to create some static "white noise" that makes it difficult for other people to overhear a conversation at the judge's bench

pages in transcript certifying that the transcript is a true and accurate record of the trial proceedings

is a formal request by one court to one of its sister courts, usually but not always in another jurisdiction, for an opinion on a question of law

An added page in transcript where errors which are discovered after printing and their corrections are listed

a portion of the Federal Rules of Civil procedure which defines matters pertinent to the taking of depositions

discussion held by attorneys which is not reported and requires agreement of all parties

order issued by court to permit one party to temporarily hold back documents or information to protect a person

shoulder or collarbone junction

sensation such as pain or touch is experience at another point in body from where stimulus occurs

connection between two vessels

network of vessels and nerves in the shoulder arm region

pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

excision of the gallbladder

operation of removing the roof of the foramina for relief of nerve root compression

draw away from the median line of the body

localized collection of pus buried in tissues, organs or confined spaces

socket in the pelvis within which the head of the femur fits

draw toward the median line of the body

dilation of the bronchial tubes

sound or murmur heard in auscultation

study of the heart and its functions

abnormal softening of the tissue

substance found in the muscle and blood and excreted in the urine

graphic record of the view of an intervertebral disk

difficulty in swallowing

small hemorrhagic spot on the skin

presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces in the body

any degenerative disease of the brain

clustered together or occurring in bundles

inflammation of a fascia, a band of fibrous tissue that lies deep under the skin

the bottom or base of anything – uterus, eye

small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver

an acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines

rapidly growing tumor

abnormally low blood pressure

reduction of oxygen in tissues despite adequate blood supply

a portion of the small intestine

a bowel obstruction

hipbone

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

division of the lamina of a vertebra

examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope

abnormally increased curvature of the spine

dislocation in which bone is displaced from its normal position in the joint cavity

pertaining to the skeleton or muscles

study of the kidneys

study of the nervous system

rapid, involuntary movements of the eyeball

excision of the ovarian cyst

study of the diseases of the eye

study and surgery of the skeletal system

aspiration

kneecap

passage of fluid through the vessels of a specific organ

tiny red spot on the skin

inflammation of the fascia of the sole of the foot

medical science concerned with anatomy, physiology and pathology of the lungs

vascular disorder characterized by ischemia of the fingers and toes

temporary suspension of consciousness

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

degenerative changes of the vertebrae

forward displacement of the lumbar vertebrae

surgical creation of a small opening in the stapes

of or pertaining to the veins

sticky and thick

shaped like a sword as in xiphoid process

without

away from

toward

without

before

against

two

slow

against

outside

within

outside

sweet

above

under

not

under/below

between

inside

bad

large

middle

after

change

disease

surrounding

back

under/below

above

over/above

fast

through, across, beyond

beyond, excess

pain

condition

weakness

excision, surgical removal

blood condition

producing, causing

inflammation

reduction, destruction

enlargement

tumor, swelling

creation of artificial opening

to view

cut into

disease

insufficiency

paralysis

breathing

hardening

infection

control/stop

influencing

windpipe

heart

wrist

skin

bladder

cell

skin

back

brain

intestines

red

swelling

stomach

blood

liver

milk

white

fat

membrane

shape, form

muscle

kidney

to smell

egg, ovum

bone

vein

rib

foot

rectum

mind

adult

fever

kidney

hard

body

layer

clot

vein