OB casefiles

Hemorrhage, fetal to maternal bleeding,
coagulopathy, and preterm delivery.

Delivery (at 35 weeks, the risks of abruption significantly outweigh the risks of prematurity).

Hypertension (chronic and preeclampsia)
Cocaine use
Short umbilical cord
Trauma
Uteroplacental insufficiency Submucous leiomyomata Sudden uterine decompression (hydramnios)
Cigarette smoking
Preterm premature rupture of membranes

placental abruption.

Ultrasound examination is not helpful in the majority of cases; a normal ultra- sound examination does not rule out placental abruption. There is no one test that is diagnostic of placental abruption, but rather the clinical picture must be taken as a whole.

, which takes advantage of the different solubilities of mater- nal versus fetal hemoglobin.

magnesium sulfate

Early age of coitus
Sexually transmitted diseases Early childbearing
Low socioeconomic status Human papillomavirus
HIV infection
Cigarette smoking
Multiple sexual partners

51 years

Removal of the uterus, cervix, and supportive ligaments, such as the cardinal ligament, uterosacral ligament, and proximal vagina.

The quadrivalent vaccine has been granted FDA approval to be used in females aged 9 to 26. It consists of the anti- gens of HPV subtypes 6 and 11, which cause the majority of condyloma accumi- nata (venereal warts), and more importantly subtypes 16 and 18, which cause 50% to 70% of cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is staged clinically (Table 16–2). Early cervical cancer (contained within the cervix) may be treated equally well with surgery (radical hysterectomy) or radiation therapy. However, advanced cervical cancer is best treated with radiotherapy, consisting of brachytherapy (implants) with teletherapy (whole pelvis radiation) along with chemotherapy, usually platinum-based (cis-platinum), to sensitize the tissue to the radiotherapy.