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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What serves as a reference point during L&D?
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Ischial spines
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What happens to cervical mucus during ovulation?
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Becomes thinner, clearer, and more alkaline
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What is the hormone of pregnancy?
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Progesterone
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How can the pelvic outlet's size be increased?
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Sitting, lithotomy position, squatting
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Where is the true pelvis?
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Below pelvic brim
Consists of pelvic inlet, midpelvis, and pelvic outlet Paramount importance for L&D |
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Where is the false pelvis?
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Above the pelvic brim
Supports abdominal viscera |
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What is the most favorable pelvis shape for sucessful L&D?
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Gynecoid
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How long is the diagnal conjugate?
How do you calculate the transverse conjugate and what is it's significance? |
12.5cm
Diagnal conjugate - 1.5cm Determines whether there is room for the fetus to move down the birth canal |
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How is the gynecoid pelvis shaped?
L&D implications? |
Transversely rounded or blunt
Ideal Gyneco means female |
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How is the anthropoid pelvis shaped?
L&D implications? |
Oval shaped - long anterposterior diameter
Adequate outlet, narrow pubic arch anthro means man |
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How is the android pelvis shaped?
L&D implications? |
Heart shaped or angulated, resembliing a male pelvis.
Not favorable, causes midpelvic arrest |
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How is the platypelloid pelvis shaped?
L&D implications? |
Flat with oval inlet - long transverse diameter
Makes labor and birth difficult Platy- means flat |
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Where is estrogen secreted?
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Ovaries
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What secretes progesterone?
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Corpus luteum
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What are the 2 phases of the menstrual cycle?
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Day 1-14 - follicular - estrogen
Day 14-28 - luteal - progesterone |
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Which hormone stimulates ovulation?
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LH - it causes the ovum to turn mature and release the egg leaving the corpus luteum. LUTENIZING HORMONE
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When are the 3 periods of fetal development?F
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First 2 weeks - pre-embyonic
2-8wks - embryonic 9wk to birth - fetal period |
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When can you detect the fetus's heart beat and recognize the sex?
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Between 10 and 12 weeks
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When can you detect the baby's heartbeat through fetoscope?
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Wk 20
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When can the baby hear?
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Wk 24
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How early can the neonate breathe if born?
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Wk 28
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What secretes FSH and LH?
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Anterior pituitary
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What is tunica albuginea?
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The tissue that surrounds the ovary. When an ovum goes through a thick tunica albuginea and causes midcycle pain, it is called mittelschmerz.
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About how much blood is lost during menstruation?
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30mL
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About how much iron is lost during menses?
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0.5-1g/day
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What happens to the cervical mucosa during ovulation?
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Produces a ferning pattern and pH increases to 7-7.5
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What surrounds the urethra in men?
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corpus spongiosum
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Which testis hangs lower?
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Left
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What is the tube from the testis to the urethra?
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Vas deferins
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What cells produce testosterone in the scrotum?
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Leydig's cells (interstitial)
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What cells in the scrotum nourish the sperm?
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Sertoli's cells
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Where are the ampulla of vas deferens and the seminal vesicle located?
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Above prostate, ampula of vas deferens connected directly to vas deferens
These connect to form the ejaculatory duct directly above the prostate |
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What order do the urethras go proximal to distal in a male?
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Prostatic, membranous, penile
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How large should the prostate be?
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4cm
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Where is the bulbourethral gland (Cowper's)?
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Behind the urethra, under the prostate
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How many days after fertilization does it take the blastocyte to implant in the uterus?
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6-8 days
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What should the fetal HR be in the first trimester?
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160-170
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What does the ductus venousis allow?
Ductus arteriosus? |
Bypass the liver
Blood to bypass the lungs |
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Where is the foramen ovale?
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B/w rt and lft atria
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What makes up the "bag of waters"?
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Chorion on the outside, amnion on the inside
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What is a measure of fetal kidney function?
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the amniotic fluid
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What makes up the "bag of waters"?
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Chorion on the outside, amnion on the inside
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How much amniotic fluid should there be?
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800-1,200mL
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What is a measure of fetal kidney function?
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the amniotic fluid
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When can genetic testing be done?
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By wk 10-12 through chorionic villus sampling
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How much amniotic fluid should there be?
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800-1,200mL
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Can bacteria be passed to the fetus through the placenta?
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No, but viruses can
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When can genetic testing be done?
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By wk 10-12 through chorionic villus sampling
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Can bacteria be passed to the fetus through the placenta?
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No, but viruses can
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