OBGYN Notes

HPV risk types and viral oncogenes

Presents w/ postcoital bleeding, dyspareunia, and/or malodorous discharge

Pap smear and colposcopy for early detection

Important specific causes of Acute Cervicitis

Acute - ascending infection from the cervix associated w/ pregnancy, abortions, and Actinomyces

Chronic - associated w/ PID and IUD's. Plasma cells are seen in the endometrium

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium of the uterus

Chapmans reflex for the Uterus

red-brown serosal nodules

ovarian hemolyzed blood cyst

Most common tumors of the female genital tract

High incidence in African Americans and are responsive to Estrogen

Most commonly affects post menopausal women - present w/ post menopausal vaginal bleeding

Typically forms a tan polypoid mass and invasion of myometrium is prognostically important

Well-circumscribed, rubbery, white-tan masses w/ whorl-like trabeculated appearance on cut section

Invagination of the deeper layers of the endometrium into the myometrium

Causes Menorrhagia and Dysmenorrhea

Young females / reproductive age present w/ oligomenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea, hirsutism, infertility, or obesity

Labs:
Elevated LH
Low FSH
Elevated Testosterone

What is the TX?

Most common form of ovarian tumor

Most common benign ovarian tumor

Forms a unilocular, smooth-walled cyst that has a simple serous or mucinous lining

Most common malignant ovarian tumor

Risk Factors:
BRCA-1
Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer)

Tumor Marker: CA-125

Forms complex multiloculated cyst with nodular and solid areas

Tumor shows stratified seous or mucinous cyst lining w/ tufting, papillary structures w/ psammoma bodies, and stromal invasion

Spreads by seeding peritoneal cavity - often detected late w/ poor prognosis

Most common stromal tumor

Forms a firm, white mass

Associated w/ Meigs syndrome

Potentially malignant, Estrogen producing tumor
Forms a yellow-white mass that shows polygonal tumor cells and formation of follicle-like structures (Call-Exner Bodies)

Prepubertal patients - present w/ precocious puberty
Reproductive age - present w/ irregular menses
Postmenopausal patients - present w/ vaginal bleeding

Primary site for metastatic tumor to the ovary

Gastric "signet-ring cell" cancer

fertilization of an ovum that lost all its chromosomal material

Molar karyotype 46, xx (90%) or xy (10%)

Does embryo develop?

fertilization of an ovum that has not lost all of its genetic material
fertilized by 2 sperms (one 23x and one 23y)

Triploid cell 69 XXY

Will the embryo develop?

malignant germ cell derived from trophoblast that forms necrotic and hemorrhagic mass

proliferation of cytotrophoblasts, intermediate trophoblasts, and syncytiotrophoblasts

Tumor may seed to...