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179 Cards in this Set

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Two adjacent teeth or roots that fuse by their cementum
Concresence
Notched incisal edges that result from prenatal syphillis
Hutchinson's incisors
Small rounded nodules of enamel found on the root furcations of molars
Enamel pearls
What separates the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa?
Mucogingival junction
Minute hemorrhagic spot
Petecchiae
Loss of continuity of epithilium, center is gray or yellow surrounded by red border.
Ulcer
Shallow depression lesion.
Erosion
How many lymph nodes are found in the body?
400-700
How many lymph nodes are found in the neck?
170-300
Which lymph nodes drain the maxilla?
Submandibular
Which lymph nodes drain the mandible?
Submental
What are the assessment instruments?
Periodontal probes
Explorers
What are the calculus removal instruments?
Sickle scalers
Curets
Periodontal files
A slender stainless steel instrument with a fine flexible sharp point used for examination of the surfaces of the teeth to detect irregularities.
Explorer
Formula for describing a lesion.
ABCD-T
Anatomic Location
Border
Color and configuration
Dimension
Type
Tiny tissue projections on either side of the lingual frenum
Plica fimbriata
Two small spherical projections on either side of lingual frenum; site for Wharton's ducts.
Sublingual caruncle
Yellow clusters of nodules found on buccal mucosa.
Fordyce's granules
Two small centrally located openings to palatine glands.
Palatine Fovae
A shallow linear depression that demarcates free gingiva from the attached gingiva.
Free gingival margin
Lesion that is 1 cm or less in diameter and contains serum or musin.
Vesicle
Lesion that is greater than 1 cm and contains serum or mucin; may contain blood.
Bulla
Lesion that contains pus, yellowish in color, any size.
Pustule
Lesion that is slightly raised, broad flat top, pasted on appearance.
Plaque
Lesion that is of solid tissue, less than 5 mm, surface is smooth or corrugated.
Popule
Lesion that is smaller than 1 cm, consists of solid tissue.
Nodule
Lesion that is 2cm or greater, consists of solid tissue.
Tumor
Name 3 flat lesions
Macule
Peticchiae
Patch
Name 7 elevated lesions
Vesicle
Nodule
Bulla
Tumor
Postule
Plaque
Papule
Name 2 depressed lesions.
Ulcer
Erosion
Nipple-shape projection is called.
Papillary
Term used for rough or wartlike
Verrucous
Red area of variable size and shape
Erythema
Another term for hardened
Indurated
Loose layer of inflammed cells
Pseudomembrane
Mass of tissue that projects outward from mucous membrane.
Polyp
A little white or reddish ulcer
Aphtha
Skin just beneath epidermis, with nerves and blood vessels.
Corium
Abnormal thickening of keratin layer.
Hyperkeratosis
Abnormal increase in volume of a tissue.
Hyperplasia
Abnormal increase in size of a tissue.
Hypertrophy
Term used for formation of pus
Suppuration
Which salivary gland is on surface of the masseter between the ear and the jaw.
Parotid
Which salivary gland is below the jaw in the back of mouth?
Submandibular
Which salivary gland is found under the tongue on the floor of the mouth?
Sublingual
Which duct is found in the Parotid gland?
Stensen's duct
Which duct is found in the submandibular gland?
Wharton's duct
Which duct is found in the sublingual gland?
Bartholin's duct and the ducts of ravinus.
Lesion Classification:

Normal
Class I
Lesion Classification:

Uncertain; possible cancer
Class III
Lesion Classification:

Probably Cancer
Class IV
Lesion Classification:

Atypical but not suggestive of malignant cells.
Class II
Lesion Classification:

Positive for cancer.
Class V
Bean shaped structures that filter and trap bacteria; fungi; and waste.
Lymph nodes
Circumscribed area of a diffirent color than skin.
Macule
Large area of a different color than skin.
Patch
Lymph nodes inferior to chin.
Submental
Lymph nodes under the border of the mandible.
Submandibular
Lymph nodes in front of the ears
Preauricular
Lymph nodes behind ears.
Postauricular
Lymph nodes found at the base of the skull.
Occipital nodes
Lymph nodes behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Posterior cervical nodes
Lymph nodes in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Anterior cervical nodes
What are two types of elevated lesions?
Blisterform and Nonblisterform
What is considered specialized mucosa?
Dorsum of the tongue
Is Alveolar mucosa keratinezed or non-keratinized?
Non-keratinized
Is Masticatory mucosa keratinized or non-keratinized?
Keratinized
Floss cleft is also called?
Stillman's cleft
Bulbous margin around root of the tooth is called?
McCall's Festoon
Elevated lesion attached by a thin stalk?
Pedunculated
Containing, forming, discharging pus.
Purulent
Term for growing outward
Exophytic
A benign bony growth projecting from surface of bone.
Exostosis
Disease of the lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
Motor disturbance of trigeminal nerve, spasm of masticatory muscles.
Trismus
Marked with points of diffirent color, elevation, texture.
Punctate
Mucosa that covers the gingiva and hard palate.
Masticatory mucosa
Mucosa that covers the inner surfaces of the lips and cheeks; floor of mouth; ventral tongue; soft palate, and alveolar mucosa.
Lining mucosa
What are the characteristics of healthy gingiva?
Coral pink
pyramidal papilla
margin fits snuggly around tooth
Firm
Enlarged thyroid gland.
Goiter
Secretes thyroid hormone that controls the body's metabolic rate.
Thyroid gland
Warning signs of oral cancer.
Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Lump of soft tissue
Lump in throat
Difficutly chewing or swallowing
Ear pain
Difficulty moving jaw or tongue
Hoarseness
Numbness of tongue or mouth
Swelling of jaw
Broad term to describe abnormal enamel development
Enamel dysplasia
A hereditary disorder, partial or complete lack of enamel resulting in yellow to brown crown susceptible to decay.
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
A broad term to describe abnormal dentin development.
Dentin dysplasia
Which dental anomalies affect only the root of the tooth?
Dilaceration
Which term results from the union of two teeth by their dentin?
Fusion
A dentin development abnormality that results from antibiotic taken during pregnancy or as a young child where teeth turn yellow or gray-brown.
Tetracycline stain
Which term would be used to describe a bent root?
Dilaceration
Results from the interference in enamel matrix formation.
Turner's tooth
What is the most common site for supernumerary teeth?
Between the max central incisors
A sharp bend of the root or crown that is greater than 90 degrees.
Dilaceration
A bend of tooth root only less than 90 degrees.
Flexion
Term used to describe a tooth without a root.
Dens in Dente
Which teeth are most likely to exhibit extra roots?
3rd Molars
Which teeth are most likely to miss the root?
Permanent maxillary laterals
What is the working distance between clinician's eyes and a patient's oral cavity?
15-22"
Term used for flat position with head and feet on the same level.
Supine
Term used for position where the head is lower than the heart.
Trendelenburg
What are 5 contraindications to a supine position?
Congestive heart disease
Vertigo
Emphysema
Severe Asthma
Sinusitis
List 8 musculoskeletal disorders associated with Dental Hygiene.
Carpal Tunnell Syndrome
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
Unar Nerve Entrapment
Pronator Syndrome
Tendinitis
Tesosynovitis
Extensor Wad Strain
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Painful disorder of the wrist and hand.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Pronator Syndrome
Disorder of lower arm and wrist.
Unar Nerve Entrapment
Imflammation of tendons of the wrist.
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the wrist & base of thumb.
Tesosynovitis
Disorder of the fingers.
Extensor Wad Strain
Inflammation of the hand, wrist, and fingers and compression of brachial nerve.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Inflammation of shoulder muscles.
Rotator Cuff Tendinitis
Seals the tubules of the root dentin and provides attachment for the periodontal fiber groups.
Cementum
A pocket formed as a result of disease that caused the junctional epithelium to migrate along the cementum.
Periodontal pocket
Elevated lesion with a broad base.
Sessile
The periodontal ligament is divided into which two fiber groups?
Gingival fiber groups
Principal fiber groups
List the components of an extraoral examination.
Visual - Forehead, Eyes, Cheeks and nose, Philtrum and lip outline, Neck Larynx and thyroid.
Palpate - Salivary glands and Lymph nodes.
In health, free gingiva is how many mm?
1-2mm
In health, attached gingiva is how many mm?
1-9 mm
Gingival Classification:

Inflammation of the gingiva characterized clinically by changes in color, form, position, bleeding or exudate.
Case Type I - Gingival disease
Gingival Classification:

Progression of the gingival inflammation into the deeper periodontal structures and alveolar bone crest, slight bone loss.
Case Type II - Early periodontitis.
Gingival Classification:

Increased destruction of the periodontal structures, noticeable loss of bone support; tooth mobility; there may be furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth.
Case Type III - Moderate Periodontisis.
Gingival Classification:

Major loss of alveolar bone support; increased tooth mobility; furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth.
Case Type IV - Advanced Periodontitis.
Furcation Classifications:

Probe can enter furcation area.
Class I
Furcation Classification:

Moderate bone destruction; probe can enter furcation area but cannot pass through roots.
Class II
Furcation Classification:

Severe bone destruction; probe can pass through roots.
Class III
Furcation Classification:

Severe bone destruction resulting from gingival recession.
Class IV
When and by whom was the patient's bill of rights adopted?
1992 - by American Hospital Association's revision.
Type of examination made for an emergency.
Limited examination
A thorough, comprehensive examination.
Complete examination
Implies a brief examination.
Screening
Type of examination made after a specified period of time following the completion of treatment.
Maintanance and re-evaluation
Type of examination used to observe the effects of treatment after some time.
Follow-up examination
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act
Term used to describe cell junction.
Desmosome
Mirror surface that produces a clear image with no distrotion; most commonly used.
Front surface
Mirror surface that produces a magnified image; not recommended.
Concave surface
Mirror surface that produces a double image; ghost image.
Plane (flat) surface
Swelling in this area may indicate infection in the mandibular incisors, tip of the toungue, floor of the mouth, midline of lower lip and chin, swelling may indicate blockage of which salivary gland duct?
Submental lymph nodes
Bartholin's duct
Swelling may indicate infection of the scalp, temperal, or frontal areas, or eyes.
Preauricular or postauricular lymph nodes.
What are the components of intraoral examination?
Visual - examine lips, labial and buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of mouth, hard and soft palate, tonsillar areas, pharynx, with mirror observe oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, saliva cinsistency and dry mouth.
Palpate - Lips, labial & buccal mucosa, tongue, hard palate.
List and describe 4 uses of mouth mirror.
Indirect vision - view tooth surface that cannot be viewed directly.
Retraction - pull cheeks, lips, or tongue out of the way.
Indirect Illumination - reflect light to the tooth surface.
Transillumination - direct light through anterior teeth.
Term for early squamous cell carcinoma.
Leukoplakia
What separates the free gingiva from the attached gingiva?
Free Gingival groove
Can indicate inflammation of cheeks, nasal cavity, maxillary teeth, mandibular teeth, floor of mouth, tongue, glands, upper lip, or hard palate, may indicate blockage of which salivary duct?
Submandibular lymph nodes
Whaton's duct
Swelling in these lymph nodes may indicate infection in the lower part of the scalp.
Occipital nodes
Swelling may indicate infection of the posterior two thirds of the scalp and thyroid gland, ears, and parotid gland.
Posterior cervical nodes
Infection of the anterior third of the scalp, facial structures, thyroid gland, often associated with throat infection or oral infection.
Anterior cervical nodes
Patient medications that contribute to xerostomia.
Anticholinergics; Antihistamines; Antihypertensions; Anticonvulsants; Diuretics; Narcotics, Antidepressents (Tetracycline)
This structure consits of lamina dura and surrounds the tooth socket and the supporting bone; it supports the teeth and provides attachment for the periodontal ligament fibers.
Alveolar bone
System that uses numbers 1 through 32 for tooth identifications.
Universal Numbering System
System that uses two digit numbers to identify teeth, 1st number symbolizes the quadrant and 2nd number symbolizes the tooth.
FDI
System that uses brackets and numbers to identify teeth.
Palmer's System
CPR - adults give 1 breath per how many seconds?
CPR - infant/child give 1 breath per hown many seconds?
Adult - 1 breath every 5-6 sec.
Child - 1 breath every 3-6 sec.
Signs and symptoms: suddent crushing pain in substernal area; pain in shoulders, neck, arms, pallor, faintness, shallow breathing, anxiety and fear. What is the condition?
Angina Pectoris
As a dental hygienist what steps should you take if a patient shows symptoms of angina pectoris.
1. Place patient in upright position
2. Place nitroglycerin sublingually
3. Administer oxygen
4. Call EMS
Signs and symptoms: Pale, gray face, anxiety, dilated pupils, weakeness, dizziness, faintness, nausea, profuse perspiration, rapid pulse followed by slow pulse; shallow breathing, drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness. What condition do you suspect?
Syncope
As a dental hygienist what steps do you take if a patient experiences syncope?
1. Place patient in Trendenlengurn position.
2. Open airway
3. Loosen collar or belt
4. Cold damp towel on head
5. Ammonia stimulants under nose.
6. Keep warm
7. Monitor vital signs
8. Administer oxygen
9. Keep in supine position for at least 10 minutes
10. Reassure patient.
Signs and symptoms: Sudden onset of the following, moist, cold, pale skin, confused, nervous, anxious, bounding pulse, salivation, normal to shallow respirations, convulsions. What condition do you suspect?
Hypoglycemia
As a dental hygienist what steps do you take if a patient is experiencing hypoglycemia.
Administer oral sugar
Observe patient for 1 hour
Arrange next app't following food intake
If patient is unconscious call EMS
Administer Oxygen
BLS
Check vital signs
supine position
maintain airway
Signs and symptoms: slow onset of the following, flushed dry skin, fruity odor breath, dry mouth, thirst, low blood pressure, weak rapid pulse, exaggerated respirations. What condition do you suspect?
Hyperglycemia
As a dental hygienist what steps do you take if your patient is experiencing hyperglycemia?
Call EMS
Keep patient calm
Administer oxygen
If patient is unconscious - BLS
Supine position
Signs and symptoms: Rash, Itching, swelling, wheezing, airway obstruction due to swollen vocals. What condition do you suspect?
Allergic reaction
As a dental hygienist what steps do you take if your patient is experiencing an allergic reaction?
For skin: apply an anti-histamine
Position upright
Administer oxygen
Epinephrine
If airway is obstructed position supine
Maintain airway
If shock occurs: Call EMS
Epi-pen, oxygen, supine.
Signs and symptoms: Coma, anxiety or depression, pale, may become cyanotic, muscular contractions. What condition do you suspect?
Epileptic seizure
As a dental hygienist what steps do you take if your patient experiences an epileptic seizure?
Call EMS
Supine position
Move everything out of reach
Don't force anything between the teeth
If mouth is open place sponge or towel between the teeth
Open airway, monitor signs
Administer oxygen
Allow patient to sleep
Act of tapping a surface or tooth with fingers or instrument; response of patient or sound.
Percussion
Used to detect the presence or absense of pulp vitality.
Electrical test
The use of one finger to feel and press against a tissue.
Digital palpation
The use of two fingers (finger and thumb) to manipulate tissue.
Bidigital palpation
The use of fingers and thumbs of both hands to compress and feel the tissue; one hand supports extraoral tissue while the other hand palpates intraoral structures.
Bimanual palpation
The use of both hands to press and manipulate tissue on both sides of the face simultaneously.
Bilateral palpation
A projection of vertical tissue extending from soft palate.
Uvula
Small hairlike projections covering most of the dorsum of the tongue, no taste buds.
Filliform papilla
Small mushroom shaped elevations, anterior tip of the tongue, contain taste buds.
Fungiform papilla
8-12 large round elevations, v-shaped, found back of tongue; some taste buds.
Circumvalatte papilla
Leaflike elevations found on the laterals of the tongue and have taste buds.
Foliate papilla
Term used to describe large tongue.
Macroglossia
Term used to describe tongue tied.
Ankyloglossia
Ingredient found on many toothpastes that may precipitate the onset of aphtha lesions.
Lauryl sulfate
Bluish lesion on the labial or occlusal aspect of the gingival tissue over the site of an erupting primary or permanent tooth.
Eruption hematoma or cyst - no need for treatment.
Term used to describe reverse architecture of papilla.
Cratered
Term used to describe when fluid is present between cells in connective tissue.
Edematous