opath tumors

most common tumor of oral cavity
along bite line
trauma/irritation
reactive hyperplasia of fibrous CT - dense and collagenized
pink nodule

lingual to the mandibular canine
bilateral
fibrous CT
* multi-nucleated stellate fibroblasts w/in CT
long, narrow rete ridges

nodular mass from interdental papilla
mistaken for pyogenic granuloma
* formation of mineralized product
excise down to periosteum - high recurrence

NOT a true granuloma
response to irritation/trauma
* smooth lobulated mass
* highly vascular - bleeds easily
* PREGNANCY

reactive lesion
gingiva or alveolar ridge of edentulous patients
* Red or blue nodular mass
giant cells w/in gingiva

Tumor of fat
trunk and proximal portion of extremeties
oral - soft, smooth, YELLOW nodular mass
mature fat cells

Proliferation of tissue after damage of nerve bundle
* scar tissue --> tumor like mass
altered nerve sensation
* haphazard proliferation of myelinated + unmyelinated nerve bundles

neoplasm of shwann cell origin
most common on TONGUE
* Antoni A - well organized - palisaded arrangment
* Antoni B - less organized. S100 protein

MOST COMMON peripheral nerve neoplasm
* Schwann cells + perineural fibroblasts
usually on skin
wavy, spindle shaped cells

* NF1 gene
multiple neurofibromas
CRITERIA:
- 6+ Cafe Au Lait
- 2+ Neurofibromas
- Axillary freckling (Crowe's sign)
- Lisch Nodules (brown pigment of iris)

** Most common medical problem: Hypertension

enlarged fungiform papillae
enlarged mandibular foramen
increased bone density
concavity of medial surface of ramus
increase in dimension of cornoid notch

* tumor of paraganglia (autonomic nerves)
ex. carotid body tumor
head and neck = most common

tumor/hyperplasia of neuroendocrine tissues
marfanoid body build
* thick lips
* proliferation of nerve bundles
* Pheochromocytoma
* elevated calcitonin
* increased VMA - catecholamine metabolites

** prophylactic removal of THYROID GLAND

neural crest origin
MAXILLA
high urinary levels of VMA

hyperplasia of fibrous CT in association w/ DENTURE flange
* fibroepithelial polyp on hard palate under denture
* irregular hyperplasia of rete ridges
inflammatory papillary hyperplasia

under a DENTURE
can be caused by candida
reasons: ill-fitting denture, 24 hrs, poor denture hygeine
* Mucosa is erythematous and pebbly-looking
pseduoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of epithelium
chronic inflammatory cells

topical therapy

Benign soft tissue neoplasm
derived from schwann or neuroendocrine cells
mostly on tongue
* large polygonal cells
* lots of pale, eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm
NOT encapsulated
s100 protein (same w/ Schwannoma)
acanthosis and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

alveolar ridge of babies

most common tumor of infants
rapid growth w/ ENDOTHELIAL proliferation
pale malcule w/ TELANGIECTASIAS (dialted blood vessels near surface)
cellular mass of vascular endothelial cells
will go away eventually

NO endothelial proliferation (unlike hemangioma)
types:
- Port Wine stain
- Low flow venous malformation
- ateriovenous malformatoins
- intrabony vascular malformations

Histo: mass of vascular endothelial cells in lobular aggregates
Treatment: surgical resection is RARELY needed.
sclerotherapy - injecting sclerosing agents --> fibrosis

most common on face, along trigeminal nerve
pink/purple macular lesion

[Gorbachev has this on his head]

blue and easily compressable
can swell with increased pressure

high flow lesions
present at birth

large ones can cause cortical expansion
lead to mobility of teeth
* sunburst radiographic appearance

vascular proliferation of face and brain
port wine stain
port wine nevus - excessive dilated blood vessels in dermis
* LEPTOMENINGIAL ANGIOMAS - ipsilateral cerebral cortex --> mental retardation
* gyriform calcifications
* glaucoma
* vascular hyperplasia intraorally

Treatment: flashlamp pulsed laser dyes, cortical excision

hamartomatous tumor of lymphatic vessel
* sequestrae of lymph tissue that don't communicate w/ normal lymph
pebbly appearance
* histo: cavernous lymphangioma --> dilated lymp vessels below atrophic surface epithelium and deep CT

does NOT respond to sclerosing agents (like vascula rmalformations/hemangiomas)

benign tumor of smooth muscle
bundles of smooth muscle

neoplasm of skeletal muscle
rounded and polygonal cells w/ focal vacuolization
granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm
cross striations

growth in an ABNORMAL LOCATION
get bone beneath surface epithelium
mostly in tongue

malignant tumor of fibroblasts
spindle-shaped cells showing pleomorphism

Malignant neoplasm of fat
3 categories:
1. well differentiated
2. myxoid
3. pleomorphic liposarcoma

high recurrence
oral liposarcoma has a good progonsis b/c most are well differentiated

half seen in NF1 patients (neurofibromatosis)

in HIV patients - HHV 8

malignant tumor of smooth muscle
rare in oral cavity - urterus and GI

malignancy of skeletal muscle
painless mass growing rapidly
* common in head/neck

uncommon to go to oral cavity (if it does: gingiva and tongue)
spreading: lymph, blood (BASTON'S PLEXUS - valveless vertebral venous plexus)
nodular mass - looks like pyogenic granuloma
can loosen teeth and destroy alveolar bone